Handloom Sector

The Textile industry occupies a unique place in our country. One of the earliest to come into existence in India, it accounts for 14% of the total Industrial production, contributes to nearly 30% of the total exports and is the second largest employment generator after agriculture. Today, India's textile sector comprises four important segments: †¢Modern textile mills †¢Independent Power looms †¢Handlooms and †¢Garments ROLE OF HANDLOOM SECTOR:The Handloom sector plays a very important role in the country’s economy. It is one of the largest economic activities providing direct employment to over 65 lakhs persons engaged in weaving and allied activities. As a result of effective Government intervention through financial assistance and implementation of various developmental and welfare schemes, this sector has been able to withstand competition from the power loom and mill sectors.This sector contributes nearly 19% of the total cloth produced in the country and also adds substantially to export earnings. Handloom is unparalleled in its flexibility and versatility, permitting experimentation and encouraging innovations. The strength of Handloom lies in the introducing innovative designs, which cannot be replicated by the Power loom sector. Thus, Handloom forms a part of the heritage of India and exemplifies the richness and diversity of our country and the artistry of the weavers.The Office of the Development Commissioner for Handlooms has been implementing, since its inception in the year 1976, various schemes for the promotion and development of the handloom sector and providing assistance to the handloom weavers in a variety of ways. Some of the major programmes relate to: †¢Modernisation and Up gradation of Technology †¢Input Support †¢Marketing Support †¢Publicity †¢Infrastructural Support †¢Welfare Measures †¢Composite Growth Oriented Package †¢Development of Exportable Products †¢Resea rch ; DevelopmentThe various schemes implemented by the Office of Development Commissioner for Handlooms address the needs of weavers who constitute the disadvantaged social strata and occupational groups, which are at the bottom of the economic hierarchy. Concerted efforts are being made through the schemes and programmes to enhance production, productivity, and efficiency of the handloom sector and enhance the income and socio-economic status of the weavers by upgrading their skills and providing infrastructural support and essential inputs.

Addiction to Intoxicants

II. Intoxication conceptual analysis Intoxication is the acute state of physical and cognitive impairment caused by drinking alcohol or being exposed to a psychoactive drug. Intoxication typically has both physical and mental effects, which can include difficulties with controlling movement, mood changes, impairment of cognitive skills, impaired judgment, impaired impulse control, and changes in interpreting your surroundings or the behavior of others.These changes and impairments may be  reinforcing, and may be perceived as amusing by the intoxicated person and/or their companions, but they increase the person's vulnerability to a wide range of problems, including violence, sexual assault, accidents, and misadventure. Although the term â€Å"intoxication† is most commonly used to refer to the acute (immediate or short-term) effects of alcohol, intoxication may also be used to refer to the effects of other drugs, including amphetamines, caffeine, cannabis, cocaine, hallucino gens, inhalants, opioids, phencyclidine, sedatives, hypnotics and anxiolytics. We can define intoxication as in . eneral condition of diminished mental and physical ability hyperexcitability, or stupefaction induced by intake of alcohol or other narcotic  substance Intoxication is a condition that follows the administration of a psychoactive substance and results in disturbances in the level of consciousness, cognition, perception, judgement, affect, or behaviour, or other psychophysiological functions and responses. The disturbances are related to the acute pharmacological effects of, and learned responses to, the substance and resolve with time, with complete recovery, except where tissue damage or other complications have arisen.The term is most commonly used with regard to alcohol use: its equivalent in everyday speech is â€Å"drunkenness†. Alcohol intoxication is manifested by such signs as facial flushing, slurred speech, unsteady gait, euphoria, increased activity, volubility, disorderly conduct, slowed reactions, impaired judgement and motor incoordination, insensibility, or stupefaction. Intoxication is highly dependent on the type and dose of drug and is influenced by an individual's level of tolerance and other factors. Frequently, a drug is taken in order to achieve a desired degree of intoxication.The behavioural expression of a given level of intoxication is strongly influenced by cultural and personal expectations about the effects of the drug. As a result of consuming alcohol, an intoxicated person does not have the normal use of physical or mental faculties. There is no single scientific measure that determines whether a person is intoxicated, since intoxication is an observed state. Therefore, determining whether a person is intoxicated requires observing a person’s mental and physical state, and comparing that state and observed behaviour to a normal person in full possession of his or her faculties.Now a days intoxiation is generally found among teenagers and children attaining maturity. Irony is this most of them know it’s ill effects but still they do just for their mental pleasure or may be by personal deviance. Mostly comparing himeslf from others that if they can do , why not me. III. TYPES OF INTOXICATION 1. Alcohol intoxication 2. Narcotic inoxication 3. Cocaine intoxication 4. Drug overdose 5. Inhalant abuse Alcohol intoxication Alcohol intoxication  (also known as  drunkenness  or  inebriation) is a physiological state induced by the consumption of  alcohol.Problems accumulate when alcohol builds up in the  bloodstream  faster than it can be metabolized by the  liver. Some effects of alcohol intoxication are central to alcohol's desirability  as a beverage  and its history as the world's most widespread  recreational drug. Common effects are  euphoria  and lowered  social inhibitions. Other effects are unpleasant or dangerous because alcohol affects many dif ferent areas of the body at once and may cause progressive, long-term harm when consumed in excess. Narcotic intoxication Narcotics are medicines used to decrease or take away severe pain. Narcotics may also be called opioids.Some common names of narcotics ordered by a doctor are codeine and morphine. Heroin is an illegal street drug that is made from morphine. The more commonly known drugs withinthis group are opium,  morphine, heroin,  codeine, andmethadone  (a synthetic narcotic). Cocaine intoxication Cocaine intoxication  refers to the immediate effects of  cocaine  on the body. Although cocaine intoxication and cocaine dependence can be present in the same individual, they present with different sets of symptoms. Cocaine increases alertness, feelings of well-being and euphoria, energy and motor activity, feelings of competence and sexuality.Common side effects include anxiety, increased temperature, paranoia, restlessness, and tooth grinding. With prolonged use, oft en accompanied by lack of  sleep, the drug can cause  itching,  tachycardia,  hallucinations, and  paranoid delusions. Possible lethal side effects include rapid heartbeat, tremors, convulsions, markedly increased core temperature, heart attack, stroke and heart failure. DRUG OVERDOSE The term  drug overdose  (or simply  overdose  or  OD) describes the  ingestion  or application of a  drug  or other substance in quantities greater than are recommended  or generally practiced. 2]  An overdose may result in a  toxic state  or  death. Drug overdoses are sometimes caused intentionally to commit  suicide  or as  self-harm, but many drug overdoses are accidental, the result of intentional or unintentional misuse of medication. Unintentional misuse leading to overdose can include using prescribed or unprescribed drugs in excessive quantities in an attempt to produce  euphoria. INHALANT ABUSE Inhalants  are a broad range of  drugs  whose v olatile vapors are taken in via the  nose  and  trachea. They are taken by room temperature  volatilization or from a pressurized container (e. g. nitrous oxide), and do not include drugs that are sniffed after burning or heating. Inhalants can be classified by the intended function. Most inhalant drugs that are used non-medically are ingredients in household or industrial chemical products that are not intended to be concentrated and inhaled. A small number of recreational inhalant drugs are pharmaceutical products that are used illicitly. Some of the inhalant abuse are acetone which is used in nail polish, whitener is also used as addictive substance. Why do people intoxicate Intoxication is not a new problem or area to discuss. he main problem is intoxication among youths,teenagers,children attaining maturity, why they are addicted to intoxicants? Why these addiction? Not all drug and alcohol users will become addicts, but they are at risk. Some can overcome it, others no . An exposure to this danger is increasingly occurring at earlier ages: the door is open with the first sip and the pleasure comes to neccesity. Nearly 15% of individuals who â€Å"try† alcohol develop a dependency to it, and become alcoholics. Boys and girls in their adolescence consume on intoxication just to satisfy their needs either mentally or physically. hey all know that what are the bad effects and what are the disadvantages still they knowing all the facts. Experimentation with alcohol during the teen years is common. Some reasons that teens use alcohol and other drugs are: * curiosity * to feel good, reduce stress, and relax * to fit in * to feel older From a very young age, kids see advertising messages showing beautiful people enjoying life — and alcohol. And because many parents and other adults use alcohol socially — having beer or wine with dinner. boys and girls in their adolescence consume alcohols just to satisfy their needs either mentally or physically. hey all know that what are the bad effect and what are the disadvantages still they consume alcohols knowing all the facts. They do so specially because of peer presure ,they are frightened that if they do not accept their group's qualities whether it is good or bad then they wont be allowed in their friend's circle,and once they are excluded from that group then they won’t be able to adjust themselves into other group since they are teengae they don’t know the consequences of their activities. they will do that work in which they will get their own satisfaction their own enjoyment and their own hapiness. nd these things they will get by that group because they are getting what they want and so they dont want to leave that group inspite knowing that their are some bad consequences too. Teens see their parents enjoying a cocktail after work or having a glass of wine at dinner. Drinking comes to represent a very sophisticated and adult thing to do  mom and Dad do it†¦ why shouldn’t I? the teen may reason. They think that there is no one to stop them they think that if drinking is that bad then why my mom and dad are consuming it. So if they are consuming it then what’s the problem I am consuming it.Due to societal influence addiction to intoxication initiated through personal deviance also like when they are depressed, who have low self-esteem, and who feel like they don't fit in or are out of the mainstream. They feel like after consuming alcohol they will get over from their sorrow,frustration and humiliation. And to get rid of it they always like to be alcoholic. IMPACT OF ALCOHOL Alcohol has wonderful anxiolytic properties and people drink alcohol very often because they are stressed and alcohol quite nicely provides the temporary illusion that such stress has dissipated when it fact it has just been temporarily put on hold.Quite often, however, drinking alcohol acts to exacerbate stress in the long run because rather than dealing with the stressful situation, the drinker will often drink to escape the stress, thus prolonging that which is actually stressing them. Moreover, alcohol has been proven to heighten anxiety among those who drink, when they are not drinking it. This, in turn, promotes further drinking which in turn begets further anxiety and really it is just one vicious cycle. Weekends are usually treasured by most teens, as they are looking forward to their big plans.Some may be chilling with friends, catching a movie, going to a concert, or planning to party. Regardless of what they have planned, one thing is for certain; alcohol will be a part of many teens weekend plans and there's research to prove it. As children move from  adolescence  to young adulthood, they face major changes not just developmentally, but emotional and physically. The transition into puberty and adolescence brings about a desire for independence. Many teens turn to  risk taking  and experimenta tion as they navigate through their rite of passage into adulthood, which can lead to drinking.Many teens don't think there's anything wrong with drinking. They've made it into an acceptable activity that they engage in when they're out with their friends, and since they may not drink every night, they don't see the potential harm that it's doing. developmentally teens remain in that imaginary stage that â€Å"bad stuff can't happen to me because I am invincible. †Ã‚   But we know it does†¦ Plus, many teens don't have the ability to see the long-term consequences that drinking can bring. There are many factors that lead to teen drinking.If you ask a teen why they drink you may give you a litany of reasons from: â€Å"I was bored. † â€Å"Everyone else does it. † â€Å"I like how it makes me feel. † â€Å"People like me when I drink because I act different. † â€Å"I just wanted to see what it would make me feel like. † â€Å"My  pare nts  do it so it must not be a big deal. † â€Å"It helps me escape reality. † Effects of alcohol Alcohol damages almost every organ in the body, including the brain; because of the cumulate ive toxic effects of chronic alcohol abuse, the alcoholic risks suffering a range of medical and psychiatric disorders.Alcoholism has profound social consequences for alcoholics and the people of their lives. Long-term alcohol abuse produces physiological changes in the brain such as  tolerance  and  physical dependence. Using alcohol at a young age has negative health effects. Brain Development and Alcohol Abuse * Research indicates that the human brain continues to develop into a person's early 20's, and that exposure of the developing brain to alcohol may have long-lasting effects on intellectual capabilities and may increase the likelihood of alcohol addiction. * The age when drinking starts affects future drinking problems.For each year that the start of drinking is del ayed, the risk of later alcohol dependence is reduced by 14 percent. Drinking and Driving * Car crashes are the leading cause of death among people ages 15 to 20. About 1,900 people under 21 die every year from car crashes involving underage drinking. * Young people are more susceptible to alcohol-induced impairment of their driving skills. Drinking drivers aged 16 to 20 are twice as likely to be involved in a fatal crash as drinking drivers who are 21 or older. Suicide * Alcohol use interacts with conditions like depression and stress, and contributes to an estimated 300 teen suicides a year. High school students who drink are twice as likely to have seriously considered attempting suicide, as compared to nondrinkers. High school students who binge drink are four times as likely to have attempted suicide, as compared to nondrinkers. * Sexual Behavior * Current teen drinkers are more than twice as likely to have had sexual intercourse within the past three months than teens who don' t drink. * Higher drinking levels increase the likelihood of sexual activity. * Adolescents who drink are more likely to engage in risky sexual activities, like having sex with someone they don't know or failing to use birth control.Other Risks * Teens who drink alcohol are more likely than nondrinkers to smoke marijuana, use inhalants, or carry a weapon. * Binge drinking substantially increases the likelihood of these activities. Alcohol addction is not just related to common people,teenager and but many big filmstars and big personality are also addicted to it. The bollywood personalities who have lost their life due to alcohol consumption are Rajesh khanna (first super star of bollywood) Meena kumari The beautiful actress of iconic film Pakeeezah,  was died  due to liver cirrhosis. due to alcohol abuse. Guru dutt, because of alcohol . uthor who have died because of alcohol Jean stafford. People who are living in polar region they usually consume alcohol to keep their body war m. But they are not addicted because it’s their necessity through which they make themselves suitable to live in cold environment. They take it in a limited quantity just to continue their livelihood. We can take the example of Indian Army which are posted in leh and ladakh and which is the coldest place in india and so the indian soldier consume alcohol to make their body warm. Some of the devotee of shiva say our shiva drinks then it’s not bad to drink because we are his followers. nd we should follow our guru. But the real thing is it is just an excuse nothing else. They take the defence of religion to hide their addiction. It’s just an excuse and excuse has no base. The shifting composition of Indian drinkers has seen a rise in the number of Indian women drinking regularly and heavily. One recent study in the southern state of Karnataka found young women consumed similar amounts of alcohol to young men on any typical drinking occasion. Narcotic intoxication effects Narcotic abuse is when you continue to use narcotics even though they are hurting you or others.The more commonly known drugs within this group are opium,  morphine, heroin,  codeine, and methadone  (a synthetic narcotic). In addition, Darvon   7and Talwin7 are included in this group because of their narcotic-like action. Next to cocaine (discussed later),heroin is the most popular narcotic drug because of its intense euphoria and long-lasting effect. It is far more potent than  morphine  but has no legitimate use in the United States. Heroin appears as a white, gray, or tanfluffy   powder. The   most   common   method   of   using heroin is by injection directly into the vein, although it can be sniffed.Codeine, although milder than heroine and  morphine, is sometimes abused as an ingredient in cough syrup  preparations. Users may experience sleepiness, nausea, and vomiting shortly after taking a drug. Most narcotics are considered highly addicti ve, and their abuse tends to lead to long-term dependence and severe withdrawal symptoms and supervising opium cultivation and thereafter, procuring opium from the cultivators. Drug abuse Young people are very gullible and vulnerable to the influences of society, their friends, TV, adults, and those that appear to be fashionable.Hence, a youth may find that all his friends have experienced the use of drugs, and now he is feeling left out because everyone else appears to be having a good time, and all his friends tease him that he is â€Å"chicken†. This unsuspecting youth then decides to ‘experiment' only once, ‘just to try it out. † Furthermore, if he does not have money to buy the drugs, someone may even offer it to him for free. What he does not realize, is that his first weakness, to please his friends, is the biggest mistake that he can ever make. The strategy of the drug dealers is to get as many customers as possible.Some drug dealers are so ruthless that they give out free sweets containing drugs to school children. The trick that they use is to give free drugs to unsuspecting people. Once a person becomes addicted (hooked) he becomes a customer for life. The addicted person will then beg, borrow, steal, prostitute themselves, just to make sure that they have money to buy drugs for their next fix. It is a vicious cycle of crime, prostitution, family breakdown, social breakdown, community breakdown. It is for this reason that intoxicant is known as the source of all evils, Islamicaly termed as the   Ã¢â‚¬Ëœmother of all evils’. ere are many types of drugs available on the market. The general effect of all drugs is basically very similar, though they differ in their speed of action as well as the severity of the harm on the body. All drugs directly affect the brain, since this is the only way of causing mood changes. Some examples of drugs are as follows: 1. Heroin, (upper drug): highly addictive opiate; gives very high rush, followed by many hours of fogginess; the addict lives day to day for the next fix. 2. Marijuana, (downer drug): affects the parts of the brain that deals with emotions and memory. 3.Alcohol, (downer drug): impairs judgements, memory lapses, blackouts. 4. Cocaine, (upper drug): whether in powder form or crack, it is a highly addictive stimulant; addict loses interest in school, family, work, etc. 5. Vapor Inhalants (downer drug): (glue, petrol, hair spray, paint thinners, etc. ) destroy the protective layers around the brain cells. Harmful effects of drugs  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Physical effects: The brain is the most delicate and powerful computer- it is an amazing organ, with virtually limitless potential- it is a Gift from Allaah; it has to be protected and cherished and its full potential must be utilized.The moment any person takes a drug into the body (either by nose, mouth or vein) the drug enters the blood stream and goes directly to the brain, crosses the blood-b rain barrier (BBB) and occupies various receptor sites in the brain. This leads to alteration in the chemical and electrical neuronal functioning of the brain which also leads to eventual organic damage to this delicate, yet powerful organ. These changes in the brain is what causes the state of ‘addiction'- eventually, the body automatically starts craving for the damaging drug leading to a vicious cycle of abuse and further damage.However, other body organs that are damaged include the following: damaged nasal septum; collapsed ; clotted veins; kidney, liver ; lung failure to various degrees; damage to the brain; infected needles causes Hepatitis Infection and HIV/AIDS.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Social effects: The person indulged in the usage of intoxicants displays anti-social behavior such as: staying away from home; stealing; crime; job loss; withdrawal from community; embarrassing behavior in public; deterioration in relationship with parents or wife or children.The m ost harmful effect of drugs is on the brain. INHALANT ABUSE The younger generation is rapidly getting addicted to smoking, liquor and even drugs. What is more shocking is the usage of wide range of substances being used by youths which include inhaling whitener, spirit, petrol, iodex, besides smoking costly cigarettes and getting addicted to alcohol and gutka laced cold drinks. Although, there is no demarcated area or locality which could be identified as more or less in the grip of this menace, youths residing in the areas ocated close to slums, interior colonies and those habited by the lower income group people are more vulnerable of being grabbed in the clutches of this dreaded practice. The addiction could be anything from consuming Iodex pasted on bread to drinking laboratory sprit which they call turatithe name derived from the time duration it takes to intoxicate the addicted and minimal price in which it is available. But, what forces the youths to get addicted to such subs tances, is a big question in store. Peer pressure, boredom, frustration, academic and parental pressures, even genetic factors and lack of emotional support are some of the reasons that make the youth go astray and seek temporal solace in the world of intoxicants,† says Prof Deepa Punetha, a faculty in the department of psychology, Allahabad University. Teenagers, who feel unwanted or fail to adjust themselves in the society, too, wander into the world of addictive substances, she adds.The easy availability of such products, too, gives a fillip to such products. Scores of `paan' shops can be seen in the proximity of educational institutions in the city. Then, the liquor shops have started coming up in residential areas which lure young minds towards them. There are occasions when youngsters, under peer pressure, fall in the vicious circle of tobacco and drugs. What we see today is school kids standing on `paan' shops and smoking costly cigarettes.Among other things, `whitener' (a stationery product) is being used as a form of addictive substance. Since, it is cheap and easily available, many youngsters are getting addicted to it. the primary contents of whitener and diluter are alcohol they are being increasingly used by youngsters for intoxication. Once they are combined with the other chemical acetone present in the whitener and diluter they depress the central nervous system of the body.For some moments, it puts an addict on a high but it has serious consequences in the long run. Prolonged use of these chemicals may result in blindness, diabetes, kidney disorder and cancer also. † IV. Preventive measures Parents can prevent their children from using drugs by talking to them about drugs, open communication, role modeling, responsible behavior, and recognizing if problems are developing Alcohol advertising and promotion is rapidly expanding throughout the world and is increasingly sophisticated and arefully targeted, including to youth. It is aime d to attract, influence, and recruit new generations of potential drinkers despite industry codes of self-regulation that are widely ignored and often not enforced. India is projected as a market with huge potential for the Alcohol Industry resulting in an increased market presence of the industry with their undesirable marketing and promotional activities.India spends about 244 billion rupees each year to manage the direct cost of alcohol use, which is more than the excise earned. (WHO, 2006) It urged the Government of India to adopt and implement the global strategy in order to complement and support public health policies and to mobilize political will and financial resources to reduce harmful use of alcohol. Effective solutions lay in sustainable action, requiring strong leadership, a solid base of awareness, political will and commitment.Public health strategies that seek to regulate the availability of alcohol; reducing the impacts of marketing, including surrogate advertiseme nts, particularly to adolescents, young people and women; mobilising communities to adopt effective approaches to prevent and reduce harmful use of alcohol; reducing the public health harm and social consequences from alcohol intoxication and consumption of illicitly produced alcohol; pricing policies that can be used to reduce underage drinking, halt progression towards drinking large volumes of alcohol and/ or episodes of heavy drinking.Mindful of the present realities, challenges and a lack of a national policy, the workshop Urges the Government of India to formulate a National Alcohol Policy. Programmes have been initiated in the areas of alternatives to drug use, voluntary or governmental. Parent-teacher associations have yet to take roots within the school systems in the country; hence there is a great need for specially designed educational programmes for children. The same holds true for school health and education programmes. Some of the following steps can be taken for pri mary prevention of drug abuse: Research and surveys on drug abuse;Drug education of secondary school and college students, teachers and parents; Dissemination of information on the dangerous effects of intoxicant substances by radio, television and films and discussion of the social consequences in conferences and seminars in educational institutions; and ‘Family life education’ which envisages the provision of community based services to prevent drug abuse by education of parents and children and offering counselling and guidance to drug- prone individuals within the family setting.The National Anti-Drug Strategy focuses on prevention and access to treatment for those with drug dependencies, while at the same time getting tough on drug dealers and producers who threaten the safety of our youth and communities. It is made up of three action plans: * The  Prevention Action Plan  which aims to prevent illicit drug use * The  Treatment Action Plan  which aims to tr eat those with drug dependencies; and * The  Enforcement Action Plan  which aims to combat the production and distribution of illicit drugs. There are many NGO’s who prevent addiction of drugs and alcohol.By the government of india smoking in public area has been said as an offence. And it has been as a punishable crime. Also the government of india had also made a law that a children below 18 years of age cannot be applied to any job regarding production of tobbaco and selling of it. Gutka production and selling has also been baned by the government of india and this has alo been made a punishable crime. Conclusion & Suggestion from the above statement we can here by conclude that intoxication has become a very big issue of our country. ntoxication has covered a measure population and still branching itself in most part of the country. Government is also trying their best and is making their best effort eliminate the problem from the root. They have made many laws and ma king intoxication as a crime. It has been said that â€Å"the best prevention is early  intervention†, but by this time it is too late, the person has already started. If the progress of alcoholism can be stopped early in its course, then great individual and family disruption can be avoided.National efforts at prevention of alcoholism include education at all levels, increased publicity and the creative use of media sources. Such efforts have already influenced nicotine addiction in older smokers; although the message of nicotine’s harmful effects are just beginning to impact teenage smokers. But alcohol and other drug programs   do have clear, positive effects, and prevention activities continue to be applied at local and national levels with different strategies for different target groups.However, as with most things, prevention starts with the individual. APPENDIX-1 INTERVIEW 1 Date : 18. 04. 2013 Name : ARUN KANODIA place : contacted in person Age : 35 Sex : MALE Occupation : ADVOCATE IN PATNA HIGH COURT QUESTION 1: In your view why the consumption of intoxication is prevalent in youth or teenagers? ANSWER: By seeing others, they think if they can do then why not me.They are also capable of doing this they also want to show as if they are adult so this kind of tedency develop inside them. And they are at the verge of maturity so they don’t know the consequence. QUESTION 2: what role society play in making the youth drifted towards intoxication? ANSWER: Society plays a great role , because teens see that most of them is intoxicate and they are doing it without any hinderance as no one is there to stop them and no one is saying, protesting. everyone is free to do by his her own will.This attitude motivate them towards intoxication. QUESTION 3:why youth take the consumption of intoxication very casualy? ANSWER :Because they think drinking, smoking is cool. This will show their status this will show their class. while poor people ta ke it because of their social problems and they are so addicted that even if they are knowing about it’s effects then also they won’t bother about their life, they will just go on. People take it causally because they havn’t seen yet the extent of effects of intoxication.They think it’s okay if they will die but they don’t realise that not only them but the person also get effectd by their act. They don’t care about others. they care about their own happiness, own pleasure. QUESTION 4: what are the preventive measures taken by the society till today? ANSWER :Till now only law has been made to prevent this , and violation of these laws will lead to punishment nothing more than that. There is lack of man force to prevent this. Same police is appointed for stoping any aggitation, to be the body guard of VIP person, to maintain peace in crowd like in puja’s, election.So how can the same police can do lots of thing. They are also negligent in their part like ok if he has violated the law then he must be punished only, not to do more than that to prevent that such things in future. So a strong law should be made. QUESTION 5:what should be the preventive measure should be taken to eradicate the consumption of intoxication in near future? ANSWER:Government should completely stop giving licence to these people to run liquor shop, or to sale tobbaco because at the same time they are saying say no to tobacco.Tobbaco is injurious to health and same time they are giving license to run this because they are taking tax from these people which will be benefical to them so profit is on the side of government. Loss is also there because by consuming this people are getting health issues like cancer and many more so for this treatment government is making hospitals for it. And appointment of doctors also take a large amount of money. APPENDIX-2 INTERVIEW 2 Date : 18. 04. 2013Name : GIRDHAR PRASAD place : contacted in person Age : 43 Sex : MALE Occupation : POLICE QUESTION 1: In your view why the consumption of intoxication is prevalent in youth or teenagers? ANSWER : They consume because think it’s classy and they want to prove infront of their circle that they are very advance and adult. They do it for fun and they are much more adult and they want to prove that they can drink or smoke without any hindrance. QUESTION 2: what role society play in making the youth drifted towards intoxication?ANSWER : They look after their neighbor who consume alcohol and smoke cigarette and they get fascinated and they try for their pleasure. They think no one to stop them , then who would like to stop them too. QUESTION 3: Why youth take the consumption of intoxication very casually? ANSWER : They consume alcohol too much that they become habituated of it and finally they get addicted. They think this is this the life they are living with full freedom, no hindrance, and they follow the policy of whatever they have t o face they can face it easily.QUESTION 4: What are the preventive measures taken by the government till today? ANSWER : Steps taken by govt. to eliminate intoxication from india Govt. has made an act that there should not be any participation of children below the age of 18 in respect to production n sale of tobacco. Smoking in public area has been made an offence and fine is applicable if one is caught doing this crime. Govt. has increased the rate and taxes so that people consume less tobacco and alcoholic product.QUESTION 5:What should be the preventive measure should be taken to eradicate the consumption of intoxication in near future? ANSWER : People should be educated from beginning about the ill effects of intoxication and what are the several disadvantages of smoking and consuming alcohol. APPENDIX-3 INTERVIEW 3 Date : 18. 04. 2013 Name : PUNSCHA place : contacted in person Age : SINCE 2005 QUESTION 1 : In your view why the consumption of intoxication is prevalent in outh or teenagers? ANSWER : They do it because of mental pressure, generally because of self low steem, they are immature in nature in nature. They start by seeing other teenager and peoples of their group and think other teenager have got enough freedom then why can’t they. they start smoking and drinking by seeing them and later join their group and become addicted to it. QUESTION 2: why youth take the consumption of intoxication very casually? Because of their family like in upper class those who are rich . smoking and drinking is normal in today’s arena. ven during their party and functions they arrange the facility to drink and smoke. And thus by seeing those party teenagers of high class family start intoxication just as their do and also parents of this class don’t have time to see what their children are doing. So teenager take it casually. Now in lower class family parents are always engage to earn some money so that they can feed their children and because of this they don’t have time to look after their children and so the children start consuming alcohol without letting their parents know they are alcoholic. So teenager take it casually.But in middle class family parents do stop their children from such things. Parents stop them from the beginning they know the ill effects of intoxicatin and try to educate them about the major disadvantages And children also know that their parents are right and children and so the children also obey their parents so they don’t take it casually. APPENDIX-4 INTERVIEW 4 Date : 18. 04. 2013 Name : TARUN GUPTA place : contacted in person Age : 23Sex : MALE Occupation :STUDYING IN PUNE LAW UNIVERSITY QUESTION 1: In your view why the consumption of intoxication is prevalent in youth or teenagers? ANSWER :Because it makes me feel good it help me to decrease my tension . it gives me pleasure. And if I don’t get get to intoxicate I become very nervous. QUESTION 2: what role society play in making the youth drifted towards intoxication? ANSWER : I don’t care about society I care about myself. QUESTION 3. why youth take the consumption of intoxication very casually? ANSWER :Because when I am free I like to do it.Because by doing it my time passes and I get pleasure too. QUESTION 4: what are the preventive measures taken by the government till today? ANSWER : Government have introduce many measures to stop intoxication but no one is following so I don’t care about any measures which would stop me from doing this. QUESTION 5: what should be the preventive measure should be taken to eradicate the consumption of intoxication in near future? ANSWER : I don’t know though I am addicted I don’t want any preventive measure which will produce hindrance . III. IMAPCT OF INTOXICATIONImpact of this on society When people get intoxicated they find themselves busy in their own life. They don’t bother what’s happening in near their surround ing and they don’t care about it. They just indulge themselves in their intoxication activity as a result of this they don’t contribute to the society. They don’t even support society for it’s upliftment. As a result, the society doesn’t changes and becomes constant. They are least bothered about the circumstances and problems prevalent in the society and the backdrops. So, they give more preference to their ownslves and no one else.They build their own world and pleased to be live in their so called different world. The inference made from this is that the very part of the machine i. e. the society become functionless as the part of the machine become restless by the acts of the intoxicated people. Therefore, the society’s growth of humanity is redusing day by day and the touch of humanity also decreases. This lead to imbalance and imperfection in the society. Impact on their career People who are indulge in intoxication focus on study very less which leads to their failure.They do not follow the schedule because they when they consume alcohol the brain is generally out of order and intoxication also effects the nervous system . so the student can’t concentrate on study. Intoxication creates groupism and when they start groupism they can’t study anymore. They lead a stressfull life. The addicts lose their professional and educational capabilities, self-dignity, and get involved in serious or petty criminal activities. The sole aim in life of an addict becomes the procurement and use of drugs. Other aims and objectives in life are thrown by the roadside.This is the main reason of unemployment. Impact on health speech, euphoria, impaired balance, loss of muscle coordination (ataxia), flushed face, dehydration, vomiting, reddened eyes,  reduced inhibitions, and erratic behavior. Sufficiently high levels of blood-borne alcohol will cause  coma  and death from the depressive effects of alcohol upon theà ‚  central nervous system. They become aggressive and transfer their anger to another person. This is the reason of domestic violence. TABLE OF CONTENT : 1. INTRODUCTION 2. INTOXICATION CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS 3. IMPACT OF INTOXICATION 4. PREVENTIVE MEASURE . APPENDICES : 6. 1 APPENDIX 1 6. 2 APPENDIX 2 6. 3 APPENDIX 3 6. 4 APPENDIX 4 6. 5 6. CONCLUSION 6. 6 BIBLIOGRAPHY INTRODUCTION : Intoxication is state of being drunk or in influence of such substance which affect our mental stability in such a way that our reasonability of mind is affected as well as our body. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY : DOCTRIONAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND QUESTIONAIRRE AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: The study aims to know why the youth is under the trap of intoxication and what is the impact made by them by their acts on the society, their profession, family and friends.It also aims to know the legal grounding nature of the consumption and the methods to way forward the eradication of this evils called intoxication. Hence, we cou ld able to make the society evil free and functioned. SOURCE OF DATA: The following secondary sources of data have been used in the project: 1. ooks 2. Website 3. Magazine HYPOTHESIS : Due to societal influence addiction to intoxication initiated through a chain of events such as peer pressure, family influence or personal deviance ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am feeling highly elated to work on the topic â€Å"addiction to intoxicants†. nder the guidance of my SOCIOLOGY teacher. I am very grateful to his for the exemplary guidance. I would like to enlighten my readers regarding this topic and I hope I have tried my best to pave the way for bringing more luminosity to this topic. I also want to thank all of my friends, without whose cooperation this project was not possible. Apart from all these, I want to give special thanks to the librarian of my university who made every relevant materials regarding to my topic available to me at the time of my busy research work and gave me assistan ce.And at last I am very much obliged to the God who provided me the potential for the rigorous research work. At finally yet importantly I would like to thank my parents for the financial support. Kumari arpita 1st year CHANAKYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY A PROJECT ON Addiction of intoxicants Subject: – Sociology Submitted To:- Sangeet Kumar Submitted By:- Kumari Arpita Roll No:-745. 2nd semester, 1st year

The Technique of Sampling in Music and Notions of Authorship Essay

The Technique of Sampling in Music and Notions of Authorship - Essay Example The credit for having composed the piece of music that was borrowed may or may not be explicitly given to the person who had originally composed it. This technique offends the sacrosanct position that music is given in the lives of many. Issues of plagiarism arise and royalties are almost never offered to the composer of the original tune. This leads to many problems within the music industry as well. Sampling is a technique whereby a part of a certain recording is used as a part of another song that may be the composition of an entirely different person who is then the ‘author’ of that particular song. The extensive use of this song and the attitude of its author shall also form a part of the analysis in this paper that shall attempt to dissect the issues of ownership that this song and the technique of sampling destabilize. The metaphorical death of the author that Roland Barthes talks of in his essay, The Death of the Author is one that can be seen in the extensive us e of the technique of sampling in the music of today. A particular portion of a song may be used in another as a part of it. The now ubiquitous discotheque where tunes and songs are mixed and remixed are places that question the notions of ownership that artists may raise when their tunes are being reworked. In today’s world, however, exclusive ownership of a work of art is impractical and is not enjoyed by anybody. A shared ownership of the music or any other work of art that is all that an artist can expect. This is tied in with several notions of authorship that have emerged in the modern world. In his seminal essay that was referred to earlier, Barthes talks of how the interpretation that a reader provides a text is what provides the text with its meaning (2004). The meaning that the author intended for a text only forms one of the many meanings that may be attributed to a text. The creation of meaning and essence, the till then inalienable right of the author and owner o f a text, thus passed on to the person who received the text. A piece of music is according to modern theorists, a cultural text that allows for multiple interpretations. The theory that applied to traditional texts, that is, books, would thus be applicable also to music. Music videos and recordings are thus texts that are able to elicit multiple interpretations from its audience. The destabilization of the roles of authors thus extends also to the authors of these cultural texts, musicians. The creation of these new roles for the audience and the artists is a modern phenomenon. The modern age is characterized by the rise of science and technology and it is widely agreed upon that technology has had a great part to play in the way the modern age functions. The technique of sampling is a very good example to prove this point. The technique of sampling makes the ‘primary text’, the original recording, available to the world to twist into any shape that it wants to. Each v ersion or song that features a portion of the original song can then be considered to be an interpretation of the original by the person who creates the new version. As Andrew Goodwin puts it, in â€Å"an age of electronic reproduction†

The User Manual for a Printer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The User Manual for a Printer - Essay Example The papers are usually of standard sizes. The standard sizes allowed are such as A3, A4 or A5 sizes depending on the size of the print device. These sheets of paper are usually placed on a tray on the side of the print device from which they are rolled in whenever information requires being printed. Print devices vary in speed, size, cost, and sophistication. The print devices get more expensive with higher resolution printing color and or what it prints. Before using the print device, first, ensure that it has been installed correctly on the computer. After this, adjust the printer features. The printer features include the paper input, test print, maintenance, system and host interface, SRL, (2009). These features are adjustable at the print device’s interface. These printer features usually allow one to get to the basic printer settings that are in charge of controlling the printer’s operations. The following are the steps to follow when first using a print device. First set the sheets of paper fittingly on the pushed out tray of the printer. Different paper size can be noted by the labels on the different trays of the printer. The next step is that of setting the print activity or canceling a print in progress. On the menu, select [file] then click on [print]. The next step is to select the printer you want to use the [name] list, it will show a list of your printers. Select the printer you want to use and select [OK ]. Click [OK] to begin printing. When canceling a printing session in progress, first double click on the printer icon. Select the job you would like to end and click [cancel printing]. Printer Reference, (2011). This part deals with the prompt messages that periodically show on the display.  

Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Psychology - Essay Example The child learns to anticipate S and make R in anticipation of changes in S. For instance, in trying to reach for a dangling toy, the child makes adjustive steps or positions to reach it in the direction he finds most accessible. A bottle of milk is sucked at the end nipple which he has associated with the source of milk. The pre-operational thought period can be most understood by two concepts: Pre-conceptual stage (2-4 years) and Intuitive phase (4-7 years). During the pre-conceptual stage, the child starts to use different kinds of symbols in play behavior and in language. Wherein, play activities may take in the form of imaginary situations and objects. In the intuitive phase, the child is now able to respond to groups of objects. The child is able to classify objects’ size and shapes. There is now a finer distinction in specific concepts. The principles of reversibility and conservation are acquired. For instance, that the objects are not altered with change in the way they appear. The capacity for logic and reasoning are well-developed in the later stages with respect to concrete and specific objects. The child develops space concepts in the following geometric order: first, nearness, separation, enclosure (Geoghegan et al 1963). There are two characteristics of in the child’s intuitive stage. 1) Egocentricism – the child’s inability to take the point of view of another and 2) Emphasis on successive states of a situation rather than transformations by which one state grades into another. This means that the child doesn’t have a grasp of the facts that the situation can change gradually and grade into a new one; he only emphasizes the beginning and end states. In the period of concrete operations, the child is less egocentric and is able to group objects and events on concrete observations. At this stage, the child is able to think on various concrete

The effects of social media on democracy in Egypt Essay

The effects of social media on democracy in Egypt - Essay Example People have always made efforts to liberate themselves from the fetuses of oppression and submissive rule. In the enhancement of democracy, it is evident that people have sought collective action strategies to achieve democracy. There are a number of studies on this aspect, and in light of the Egyptian efforts to achieve democracy. Researchers note that the struggle to obtain democracy can take place in three forms, through protests, collective action or contention (Gelvin 201). The protest actions are an expression of widespread discontentment with the current political discourse that makes people go to the streets and advocate for what they believe. On the other hand, collective action is a situation where the masses have a shared interest, with which they seek to rally and advocate for its adoption and act on its behalf (MacQueen 37). Finally, contention involves a more comprehensive approach, where a group or section of the population make claims on certain interests that will af fect the wider population. The fight for democracy in Egypt can be assessed in the context of the three political struggles and research proves that effective social ties were a major motivation towards the success of efforts to restore democracy. On this platform, it is evident that individual awareness is important for political struggles as well as social ties that facilitate the spread of such awareness (Noland, and Pack 68). Dense social networks are a great motivation towards establishment of well ties and are the route towards the mobilization of populations (Harper 145). This means that effective networks bridge the gap of information in political struggles and strengthens the interpersonal ties that define the extent of bonding within particular groups of people (Anna 42). It is clear that most modern dictators employ the use of high technology systems to consolidate their power

Analysis of Guido Reni's Works Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Analysis of Guido Reni's Works - Essay Example The essay "Analysis of Guido Reni's Works" describes the biography, training and career information of popular artists in the 15th and 16th century with a bigger emphasis on the re-known Guido Reni. Guido Reni, son to Daniele Reni and Ginevra de' Pozzi, was born in a town known as Bologna. The family of Reni was known for producing musicians. He is an Italian painter born on the 4th of November in 1575. He received his education together with Domenichino at Calvert as an apprentice in this Bolognese studio at the age of nine, then Carracci and finally trained with Ferrantini but just for a while. At the age of twenty-three, he and three other pupils from Calvert studios shifted to another rival studio named, â€Å"Accademia Degli Incamminati â€Å". At his time he was the most popular artist in Italy and with the approach of the 18th century, his fame spread to England. He is a renown painter known for his amazing coloring skills that outdid those in the previous times. He has pain ted in prestigious places like the Quirinal and Furnace palaces, some churches in Rome, the Borghese family chapel and the most outstanding piece of work is the ceiling of the decoration of the Palazzo Rospigliosi and Phoebus. In 1601, Reni and Albani his ally from Calvert, packed their bags and made for Rome to work under Annibale Carracci in the decoration of the furnace palace. In 1601 to 1604 Cardinal Paolo Emilio Sfondrati became his patron. In 1604 to 1605 he was given an opportunity to work on the crucifixion of St Peters altarpiece.

Art works Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Art works - Essay Example v=FIVAEwjiU8I However, it is also no longer there. Due to copyright issues, they changed the music. The new music is more appropriate to the geographical location, but it does not have the power of the original, and there really is no narrative. The actual show in Hang Zhou is here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MSMDgMhfM_M I found this because I was a little suspicious of the Chinese watermark on the building face in the upper right corner of the screen. Since a Chinese travel site is responsible for a link to this video, perhaps it was intentional. However, the fountains in Hang Zhou seem more tuned to their music. It is possible that the sound actually controls the fountains. This is not the case in Dubai. In the first video there was a slight disconnect, because of this. The first musical fountin I ever saw was in Seattle and the music actually controls the fountain. It is only one fountain, but an excellent experience, since there is no disconnect between the audio and the vis ual. The location of the Chinese musical fountain is really worth noting as a work of art in itself. West Lake in Hang Zhou is three large lakes joined by bridges, and it has been developed as a local and tourist attraction based mostly upon the Legend of the Snake Lady. Many attractioins have been created and they are all affordable even to the lowest wage earners in China at ranging from 10 rmb (1.5 cents USD) to 75 rmb (9 cents USD)Ten wood carvings are located in Leifing Pagoda and a nightly show of music and dance telling the tragic story of the snake who turned into a lady and fell in love with Xu Xian . "Leifeng Pagoda in Evening Glow" is one of â€Å"Top Ten Views of West Lake†. In the pagoda, you also can find a series of wood carvings themed Legend of the White Snake. Faced on three sides by typical Chinese landscapes of cloud shaped hills, the lake has been developed artistically as a World Heritage Site. The light and fountain show, Time to Say Goodbye is located in an inlet on the lake shore where these hills are the visible background on one side and the cityscape is the other. The fountain show plays nine to eleven times daily and it is free. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GXCTt8hXtF8 I found this video of the rather disturbing. I would not walk twelve blocks to see it. There was no narrative to connect the audio and the video. The sculpture was nice and changing the lights and colors is a great idea. But nice is not art to me; it is decoration. I would also prefer more musical sound, perhaps short musical sound bytes. The sound was the most disturbing element of this work, as it also had no connection, but seemed like a selection of random sounds, some quite unpleasant with random spaces of silence. Then if the viewer could control the whole exhibit somehow, either with a keyboard or with a pressure board or even video it could become quite interesting. As it is, it is obviously an expression of feeling, but it seems more like a nightma re, or indigestion. Of course this might have been intentional if the artist dislikes human creations and thinks they should not be seen alongside nature. I was unable to find out anything about this video, so I cannot even guess by the other works of this artist or by his or her history. Because of the extreme disconnection between the very ordered stack of blocks and the weird sounds, I assume that this is an intentionally

Academic Remediation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Academic Remediation - Essay Example One Act that addresses the problem of academic remedial is the College and Career Readiness Act that was passed in 2007 by the state of Illinois. This Act purports that the academic remediation problem can be significantly serious because of its impact on financial aid and time taken to complete a degree. High school curriculum is not highly aligned to college education. This misalignment creates problems for students who want to use academic remediation as an entry into college course work. Academic remediation is also not particularly well designed in a way that bridges the informational gap between high school and college. This poorly designed learning interface makes the students pursuing it to feel lost in seeking information. Academic remediation mainly aims at addressing the academic needs of students struggling with one or more educational areas. This, therefore, requires individualized teaching and the establishment of a good and adequate communication between the student an d their instructor and even among students. However, a significant number of students enrolled for academic remediation experience isolation caused by lack of adequate interaction, good relationship and interpersonal communication between or among students and the instructor. This situation is more prominent when it comes to online academic remediation. ... This poorly designed learning interface makes the students pursuing it to feel lost in seeking information. Academic remediation mainly aims at addressing the academic needs of students struggling with one or more educational areas. This, therefore, requires individualized teaching and the establishment of a good and adequate communication between the student and their instructor and even among students. However, a significant number of students enrolled for academic remediation experience isolation caused by lack of adequate interaction, good relationship and interpersonal communication between or among students and the instructor. This situation is more prominent when it comes to online academic remediation. Results from courses taken under academic remediation are not delivered to the students as promptly compared to regular learning programs. At times, there is delayed feedback from the instructor. This situation mainly applies to students undertaking academic remediation online. This makes the learning phase loose meaning of attaining for and informing the students about their academic improvement. Timely delivery of such results is important for applying courses. Unlike in the regular educational programs, students who are remotely participate in academic remediation are more likely to suffer from inadequate educational support from their teachers. Because of this, a significant number of students enrolled for online academic remediation fail to attain their desired educational skill level (Brants and Struyven, 2009). Some of the students who enroll for academic remediation already consider themselves as academic failures and, therefore, they

Anthropology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Anthropology - Assignment Example Various regions have their own endangered species for which the crisis mainly applies, but in most general definitions, it is used to refer to the killing of the great apes and other primates (Jurmain 129). Possible solutions to this problem include increased conservation measures in the parks and wildlife reservations. Additionally, swoops could be made in hotspots and those arrested be given hefty fines and long sentences to deter the practice. Both humans and primates are social beings, and this means that they exist in social settings and not in solitary existence. This trait exists between the two groups, and though it’s for defense, it also aids in realizing a form of hierarchical structure. Additionally, both primates and humans consistently groom each other, as a form of social behavior that bonds them together (Jurmain 160). This is especially due to the similarity in forelimbs, which enable both humans and primates use their fingers for grooming purposes. Moreover, both primates and humans appreciate territoriality and any two given factions have to respect the territoriality of each other. What is more, both humans and primates have a sense of communication, which is a behavioral trait that assists in maintaining the social structure of the groups. Primates have culture, and this is as defined by their behavior that is noticeable from various ecological and evolutionary perspectives. Shreeve (1991) depicts the various similarities that can be drawn from the behavior of primates and humans, and in most cases, the evidence of a culture is easily noticeable since both have one evolutionary background. One stark representation of culture is the relatively advanced aspect of deception, which is a major survival tactic for primates. It is so well advanced that it is one of the most widely used mechanisms in the wild. The social nature of primates calls for the need for some culture, since there is bound to increased levels of

Applied Linguistics - 1 Essay Example for Free

Applied Linguistics 1 Essay Language in literature is used to create alternatives to the real world. In doing so, the precise choice and ordering of words is very important. It not only creates a substitute world for us but also determines our attitude to its inhabitants and the events that take place there. This dependence upon precise wording is why a literary text loses so much in paraphrase or translation. However, despite this importance of precise wording, the meanings of literary works are often disturbingly imprecise. Apparently, the linguistics choices in literature are not the concern of applied linguistics. It does not have the same kind of direct social and economic consequences as language education policy, or the spread of English as lingua franca. Yet, it is wrong to decrease the value of the impact and importance of literature. It reflects our individual and social identities, embodies and criticizes the values of the society from which it comes, and it also has an important role to play in education. And because it is made fully from language, it has something to do applied linguistics. Literary stylistics :- Linguistic analysis can describe and analyze the language of a literary text but this is not an applied linguistic activity. However, It begins to move in that direction when linguistic choices are linked to their effects upon the reader. This is the attempt of literary stylistics. It is not in itself applied linguistics as it does not involve any practical decision making, but it is an important resource for the powerful and persuasive uses of language in general. It raises awareness of the importance of precise wording in addition to showing that there are more things in language use than the literal meaning of the words. Literary analysis cannot be brief in order to attain justice to its complex subject-matter. Stylistic analyses tend to highlight three related aspects of literary language: its deviation from the norms of everyday language use; its patterning of linguistic units to create rhythms, rhymes, and parallel constructions; and the ways in which the form of the words chosen seems to  intensify the meaning. These features of language use are not exclusive to literature. They characterize other highly valued uses of language such as prayer, song, and rhetoric. Generally, these features and other similar ones occur in emotive uses of language in society at large, whether in commercial, political, or interpersonal communication. Stylistic analyses can investigate the link between the forms of these language uses and their social and psychological power. If such analysis is used to discuss and reveal manipulation, it then becomes part of an applied linguistic process. Language and persuasion :- As language is used to tell the truth, it can also be used to distort facts, or to persuade people to take a particular stance towards them. Literary language partakes of this persuasive power. It manipulates our feelings and thoughts in ways which we accept happily. Other uses of language are unacceptable, seeking to control and influence our ideas in the service of some political or commercial interest. There are a big number of urgent issues in which language is used for manipulation such as; advertising, science, journals, even telephone operators speak from learned scripts. Applied linguistics should help understanding such issues. This is not only because the power of words is naturally interesting, but also because there are decisions to be made, often with far-reaching consequences for health, welfare, and success. Understanding linguistic techniques of persuasion can improve our ability to make rational judgments on which decisions making depends. Critical Discourse Analysis ( CDA ) :-  In fact, in any communication, there is selection and omission of information. For example, newspaper editors must choose which events to cover, how much space to give to each, and which facts to emphasize or omit. However, one cannot report any event or situation without selecting some facts in preference to others. But the selection reflects the values of the writer and the view of the world which he or she wishes to encourage in their readers. These matters are already apparent to the reader even without any specialize knowledge of language. What is more importance and interest to applied linguists is the presentation of the same facts in ways which, although telling the truth, affect the reader’s attitude. In literary texts, the wording is everything. For example, in the opening scenes of Macbeth, lady Macbeth says â€Å"what’s done is done†, and at the end in her lament she says â€Å"what’s done cannot be undone†. The literal meaning might be the same, but the effect is very different. The analysis of such details can be made to increase the people’s ability to read and listen critically, and to resist being manipulated by what is said. The analysis of such language and its effects is known as critical linguistics. When it is studied in a larger social context, it comes to be known as Critical Discourse Analysis ( CDA ). Another area of interest to applied linguistics is patterns of grammatical choice. For example, there are constructions which allow a speaker or writer not to mention the agent. Two strategies allow this to happen. One is passivization, the favoring of passive constructions over active ones. The other is nominalization, when actions and processes are referred to by nouns without mentioning the actual doers. The techniques can make an action seem certain and impersonal. The work of CDA specialists is of great social importance. Yet, they have the challenge of communicating their specialized knowledge to the outside world. To do this, they have to move in two opposite directions: one towards obfuscation and the other towards a false clarity. Obfuscation is the failure to speak as clearly as possible. The language of law and bureaucracy are often used as examples. It is claimed that in this case clarity should be sacrificed to exactness. The other direction is described as conversationalization and the creation of synthetic personality. This is the tendency for communication to be presented in the form of a casual conversation in which the relationship between the participants is apparently equal and intimate. This presents the opposite danger from obfuscation, for it may make matters simple and imprecise. There is a problem with CDA analyses which has been noted by several applied linguists. They focus their attention too much with the writer while deal too much passively with the reader. Most texts are both formed and interpreted in many different ways. The process of composition is often more hasty and specific purpose affair. Readings also are different. In short, there is a danger of assuming that understanding a text is fully determined by the language used.

Code of Ethics Essay Example for Free

Code of Ethics Essay The code of ethics is a very important part of the business workplace and must be managed in the right way in order to become successful and maintain the perfect work role. Being able to come up with ideas and plans for code of ethics is a good thing in the workplace because it gives the employees boundaries and policies that have to be followed in order to have a good code of conduct. Code of conduct is a little different from code of ethics because conduct talks about behavior skills in the workplace and ethics plays a role as choosing the right ethical behavior that an employee might show. There are many organizations out there and mostly all of them have either a code of ethics, code of conduct, or even both. These codes are put into the working industry and the environment of the workplace in order to run a business that has no complications and employees have to do what their told. In order to create a code of ethics for an organization, you need to know the components to which can be referenced back to the code of ethics. A code of ethics is also to be accompanied by plans for organizational education, implementation and audit. The overall achievement for creating the code of ethics for the workplace is to come up with a perfect solution theory and be able to translate it into a code that speaks out to the employees and lets them know the rules and regulations of their present day work environment. There are many components that make up the code of ethics because it is initially the rite of passage for workers in a business working environment. What does a statement mean when it is called unethical? Who is the one to decide on whether or not a situation is ethical or not? What are the exact theories and solutions of ethics in the workplace? All these questions relate in a way because of how the work environment is suppose to play a role only by following the right code of ethics and conduct. But there are some who say that the code of ethics cannot be morally wrong or right. Some others believe though that the ethics of code should not have a place in the business industry. We live in a world that is filled with competition and every single individual is trying to be the best they can be at trying to get ahead of one another. In order for this theory to play out, it would be practically impossible for a code of conduct or ethics to be able to be played out in the work environment. By being ethical, there are many ways to win over certain individuals and be at the top of the rat race. In order to be a winner, it is a long journey and passage, but with cretin components of ethics, a positive individual is able to build up work power and use it towards a workplace in a professional way. No matter how badly you need something to be done, going beyond the established code of ethics in the workplace to achieve it is simply unacceptable. † (Lalwani, 2010) Before someone goes into the path of work ethics, one must first take a look at the ethics and benefits of a workplace in order to become a winner of the business industry. Soon as an organization has an established code of conduct and ethics, it is always better to be able to have a greater image and function than a normal man. When a code of ethics is established in the workplace, it enables self-regulation on part of the employees, and it is this code of ethics that guides employees when challenging decisions have to be made. † (Lalwani, 2010) This quality is able to enforce professionalism in the working environment and can also be a provider of products and services in and around an organizations capital. If none of these accusations are able to be produced and made ethically, it is due to the lack of inspiration towards the ethical code of conduct. These are some examples of code of conduct and code of ethics: â€Å"Misrepresentation of data, taking advantage of a professional situation just for personal benefits, working for an organization whose values and ethics conflict with your personal ethics, instigating colleagues and fellow employees to follow unethical paths for group benefits or gains, stealing or misrepresenting information for personal benefit, or on behalf of the employer for the benefit of the organization, stealing or misrepresenting information for personal benefit, or on behalf of the employer for the benefit of the organization, flouting the norm of confidentiality in the workplace regarding sensitive information that will benefit the organization, engaging in corporate espionage, misreporting the amount or number of hours worked, taking credit for work done by another colleague, dressing inappropriately or against the dress code set by the organization, getting personal with any colleague or superior in a professional setup, being dishonest in professional situations for personal or group gain, being insincere, uncommitted, and disloyal towards the organization, violating the established code of ethics in the workplace in the name of individual rights, disrespecting the personal values and beliefs of colleagues in the workplace, with which you have no concern, and dealing with problems in the workplace in an unprofessional manner by making the issue personal. (Lalwani, 2010) By all these rules and codes being engage in opportunity and failure, by following these codes of ethics, you can be the best employee that you possible can be in a work place. A workplace should be able to have ethical organizational subjects helping to decide what is right from wrong. But there are many certain business basics that one must follow and endure in order to play a role as a fellow works men. The basic role of ethics in the work place is for employees to make sure that productivity and progression of the business stay to a descent speed. In not doing so, unprofessional actions can start to take place and employee management will be harder to deal with. By carrying out suitable training to establish workplace ethics, these ethics can be imbibed by every person that comprises an organization, to achieve a common goal that has been laid out by this organization. † (Lalwani, 2010) There are many goals that employees set themselves to and to accomplish those daily goals, they must follow the code of ethics and the code of conduct in the workplace. There are multiple key components of work ethics in the business industry. But there are some organizations that go above and beyond the code of ethics and would soon end up violating the key components of an ethical work environment. There are companies such as Enron and Goldman Sachs show, which have dealt with violations towards the ethics code of conducts and have gone outside of their boundaries only to have failed. The code of ethics is the set of behavioral rules employees should follow to ensure the companys values are reflected in all business dealings. Regardless of the size of the business, clearly defined codes and closely monitored transactions should keep your company from violating laws and make it a place where employees feel comfortable doing the right thing. † (Sullivan) The first major component of ethics is the values of ethical decision making. Businesses are able to express the performance of a company or an organization in terms of how they work with suppliers, employees, and customers on a day to day basis. â€Å"A primary objective of the code of ethics is to define what the company is about and make it clear that the company is based on honesty and fairness. (Sullivan) Values are defined as a word that describes interactions and the importance of what a company has to offer. A second component of ethics would be the principles of it and how they work towards the company’s performance. The principles come into play by supporting a value of the business industry then having employees of a company following the right scheduled operations. When principles play a role in the business world, customer satisfaction is the most important subject of running a business. No customers, no business. â€Å"Corporate responsibility to the environmentally friendly use of natural resources is another business principle that often is found in code of ethics. (Sullivan) Manager support comes from both the principles and values of the code of ethics. This subject is able to include a process of reporting any ethic violations towards the code of ethics and by the process of which people can run an organization. â€Å"To reflect how seriously management considers the code, some businesses display the code of ethics with management signatures in prominent areas, such as the break room, where employees will see it on a daily basis. † (Sullivan) The fourth component that comes into play with the code of ethics is personal responsibility. Personal responsibility regards that each of the employees working in an organization have total responsibility to uphold and keep with the program of ethics. There are both legal and moral issues regarding this certain component because if an employee decides to violate an ethic of code, he or she will have to deal with the consequences. The requirement for personal responsibility is that it can relate to the other components towards the code of ethics. If an employee goes against the rules of ethics, the violators will become an issue towards the company. â€Å"This is meant to show that it is not sufficient to merely adhere to the values and principles but to help ensure every employee supports the code of ethics by reporting violators. † (Sullivan) One of the final components of ethical decision making is compliance. Compliance comes into play when any laws or regulations are referenced as rules towards an association or organization. Relating back to the Enron case, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act was the execution of falsified financial records and became a big problem for Enron. The full details of financial filing is that when a file becomes a record, is has a lot of information towards any company or organization. â€Å"Compliance to all financial reporting and any licensing requirements such as ISO 9000 by the International Organization for Standardization can be documented, along with the expectation that all licenses will be maintained and legal regulations met. (Sullivan) Overall, the code of ethics is a great way to pursue organizational skills in a company and by doing so an organization is able to come up with a code of ethics that employees can follow on a day to day basis. The construction of ethics is how a company or organization is built around by provided a good work environment for certain individuals in the workplace. In order to build an ethics program that helps and supports a company’s actions, you must have a compliance program that is in relation to the code of ethics. There have been recent financial scandals that have been seen by corporate companies. Financial scandals have shown us that there is more need for compliance programs and the need of better business ethics throughout organizations. Out of the National Association of Corporate Directors, there are about 280 corporate CEO’s that have been discussing the problems of the code of ethics being dealt with in all companies. It’s about one out of three CEO’s that talk about how highly they were affected by ensuring legal compliance. When it comes down to the brass tacks of a corporate organization, every organization should have a code of ethics and the only way to come up with one is to construct multiple ideas that support and help the employees of a major organization. By building an ethics and compliance program, most companies are entitled to realize that it takes a lot of development and time to be put into the creation of an ethics and compliance program. Businesses are filled with all sorts of different codes, but here are some examples that can relate to an ethics program and be able to support the company in a long term effective program: â€Å"Establish a code of conduct that reduces risk of criminal behavior, detect wrongdoing, foster quick investigations, minimize consequences, demonstrate company’s ethical/legal philosophy during an investigation, reduce fines if company is found guilty of wrongdoing, and enhance company reputation and stature. † (How to Build a Business Ethics Program) It is not all just about coming up with the code of ethics and that’s it. A company or an organization always has to look at the options they are able to deal with in order to create the perfect effective program. A lot of companies have the power to create the best programs possible, but with just three options to look at, a program can go from a failure to a progressives and successful plan. Here are the three examples that are able to help out building the perfect effective program: â€Å"Develop in house from scratch, hire and external consultant, and use a pre written manual. † (How to Build a Business Ethics Program) Most companies use these options to create the perfect system, but some company’s decision makings go the wrong direction and they eventually have to find of decisions the hard way. A company or organization must have strong decision making skills because creating a code of ethics from scratch is the hard part of developing a program. The company also might have to fully understand the complexity of creating a knowledge list of codes that can be support in the workplace. Companies are dealing with the hiring’s of an extra consultant to help them out with an organizations decision making. Organizations say that an extra consultant might be a cost effective plan, but the question is, what else is left? It all comes down to actually building the ethics program of choice. A company or organization should either use a manual of choice or a pre written template that they can base their ideas off of. By using these two subjects of choice, organizations and companies find it a lot easier to make guidelines towards the production of building a code of ethics. Companies are looking for the strength in an idea to be produced in the program of needs. In order to come up with the best ideas and tools for running a business, it is important to look for the right tools that can implement the ethics of business and strive to create the perfect program. Here are some examples of what a successful compliance program should provide in their development of ethics: â€Å"Sample policies and procedures, step-by-step instructions for the development of a program, a business ethics training program outline with classroom materials and a detailed session leader’s guide, business ethics and compliance officer position description, templates for employee involvement, and sample code of conduct. † (How to Build a Business Ethics Program) After coming up with the perfect ideas to support a company’s foundation, an organization must start to implement the ethics program into the business workplace. The next step to creating a perfect code of ethics is to bring the ideas to the corporate office of the company and have the executives take full responsibility for implementing the code of ethics into the company’s compliance program. By taking the idea to corporate, the effectiveness of the tools needs to be yielded with a solid program that the company or organization can work with. Such as understanding it, endorsing the program, and being able to monitor the code of ethics for total true effectiveness. â€Å"With step-by-step guidelines and accompanying examples of policies, procedures, a training program and an employee survey, such an effective tool provides an excellent road map for implementing an ethics and compliance initiative. † (How to Build a Business Ethics Program) After all the hard work is completed by creating the compliance program, certain companies have to make certain decisions that can be related to the code of ethics from the workplace. The compliance manual should provide the full files of what the code of ethics is suppose to represent and how it is suppose to be reliable with the company’s boundaries. The files can be written with policies, surveys, forms and training session outline for the organizations progression levels. â€Å"Also, businesses should ensure their ethics compliance system manual is fully endorsed by The National Association of Corporate Directors (NACD) as a tool to maintain a culture of integrity. † (How to Build a Business Ethics Program) Overall, the construction of building the code of ethics come from a lot of planning and brainstorming ideas towards the relations of an organizations boundary limit and employee’s satisfaction.

The Great Gatsby: An Analysis

The Great Gatsby: An Analysis In the 1920s many Americans began using credit, and buying and becoming very materialistic, and losing their spirit and identity. In F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby the characters are all engulfed in the world of materialism, and believe that that is what makes them happy. Materialism is defined as the devotion to material wealth and possessions at the cost of spiritual or intellectual principles. Spirituality is sensitivity or attachment to religious values. And identity is the set of characteristics that somebody recognizes as belonging uniquely to himself or herself and constituting his or her individual personality for life. Three characters that exemplify these traits are Daisy, Tom, and Gatsby. In this novel, materialism, spirituality, and identity changes or reinforces these three characters. Daisy Buchanan is an example of materialism vs. spirituality because of what we know about her from her younger days. She was a young lady that was in love with Gatsby, but didnt marry him because â€Å"‘†¦I was poor and she was tired of waiting for me† (137). Materialism affected Daisy and when she married Tom she wanted only the best things, but realized that she wasnt happy because money cant buy you happiness. After seeing Gatsby for the first time in over five years, it seems like Daisy has become that young lady she was before she met and married Tom. For a second she forgot all of her materialistic things and was looking up into the sky and GOD, saying â€Å"‘†¦Id like to just get one of those pink clouds and put you in it and push you around.†(99). Now we see her spiritual side and see that Gatsby could have possible reinforced her identity. Tom Buchanan is a character that shows a strong bond with materialism. He is an example of old money, and because he is so wealthy he decides that he can break all the rules and do whatever he pleases, like cheating on his wife. â€Å"‘Why - she said hesitantly, ‘Toms got some woman in New York.† (19). Materialism has gotten to Toms head and he believes just because he has so much wealth he can buy happiness with anything that he pleases. The last character, Gatsby, shows both materialism and spirituality. Gatsby is an example of materialism because of Daisy. All his wealth and status was only for Daisy, because he hoped that one day he would see her and amaze her. His house is an example of this dream because its a synthetic place and was only built for Daisy. â€Å"‘My house looks well doesnt it? he demanded. ‘See how the whole front of it catches the light.† (95) He realizes that Daisy didnt wait to marry him because he was poor, and he made it his life goal to become wealthy and maybe someday impress Daisy. In conclusion, these three characters in the novel show materialism, spirituality, and identity and how they changed or reinforced. Oroonoko Novel by Aphra Behn | Analysis Oroonoko Novel by Aphra Behn | Analysis In the theater things are always seen from somewhere. Here we have the geometrical foundation of representation: a fetishist subject is required to cut out the tableau. Aphra Behn, born on July 10, 1640 and died on April 16, 1689, was one of the main playwrights, poets, and fictionists of Restoration era. She was, as inserted in The Age of Milton, The first recognized professional woman writer in English, Behn was popular during her career, and her plays and poems represented the Restoration ideals of political expediency and sexual frankness (25). Behn was a well-educated person and access to high-ranking officials in the court of Charles II, may access a higher-class status, and is one of pioneer women who earn her live through authorship and her works were under a great influence of William Shakespeare. Her first play was a successful tragicomedy in the name of The Forced Marriage (1670), following with The Dutch Lover (1673) which was not received well; Abdelazar (1676) and The Rover (1677) was the other appreciated plays by Behn, which were performed before Charles II. A poem on Several Occasions (1684) was a poem by her that investigates the s exual relationship between men and women in pastoral setting. Her later works were Oroonoko (1688) and The Widow Ranter (1689) which emphasized on political pragmatism. Behn depicts the correlation between racial and gender oppression, female subjectivity, and female political and sexual agency in her writings and her consideration of gender and frank expression of sexuality made her as a target for male authors critiques. In her book A Room of Ones Own, Virginia Woolf praises her and says All women together ought to let flowers fall upon the tomb of Aphra Behn, for it was she who earned them the right to speak their minds. The reading of Oroonoko that follows concentrates on white female narrator (author-narrator). This novel is produces at the end of Behns life as a short realistic fiction which is a story of a noble prince, Oroonoko, who had been enslave, brought to Britain, revolted against British and prefered to die rather than bear the name of slave and his fatal horrible death. Written by a white female author and using a white female narrative voice, Oroonoko can be a story based on Behns experience as a young woman living in Surinam. What is different, most interestingly, in Oroonoko, is the narrative position. All descriptions on Oroonoko land, appearance, feelings, thoughts, events in his life, both in his native land and in Britain, and his revolution is narrated through a female word and world, the female author. Behn is considered to had a travel to Surinam between 1663-1664 with her family and as Alan Hager mentions in his book The Age of Milton Her presence in the West Indies and her espionage in Antwerp for the Crown have been documented. When Lord Willoughby was granted royal permission to explore Surinam in 1663, Behn may have traveled there with her father, the Lieutenant-General of the islands. Apparently he died on the voyage, but Behn stayed in the colony.( Hager,56) Therefore, as documented her traveling to West Indies, there is a possibility that whatever she, the author-narrator, explains and depicts in Oroonoko, especially her detailed knowledge of Surinam, is her own experience while abroad and should be considered as truth. Behn establishes her authenticity within the opening of the story and reminds her readers her position as a narrator as she wrote herself in Oroonoko that I was myself an eye-witness to a great part of what you will find here set down(2). Since this story is a memoire of Behns travelling to Surinam in past, probably she forgot some eaters and her memoir mixed with true events in Surinam so how much of this novel is fact and how much is true remains in shadow. No longer does the novel originate from a first-person recounting of the self, but, as Ferdous Azim said in his book The Colonial Rise of The Novel, from a first-person account of someone elses life(35-36). According to Elin Diamonds statements in the book Unmaking Mimesis that In the Western theater (Gr. theatron or seeing place), pleasure is never far from the market and its mystifications. The spectator sees what is not there- an illusion, a sign of an absent original-and fails to see what is there-a constructed series of images so polished and coherent that the ideological and human labor of their making is hidden from view.(Diamon, 56) Pursuant to Diamonds words, theater is not supposed to perform reality on the stage but an allusion, showing the presence of absent to its audiences. This paper intends to see whether the narrator is a reliable and authentic narrator and analysis to what extent this female white narrator can be reliable and considered her words as truth in this story; and examine if an author is contaminated by its dominated ideology of power in society or can be remain out of her white powerful world. Furthermore, it has a purpose to see what is shown in this story is real or only an illusion like theater as Diamond said. It should be kept in mind that the narrator is a woman, white, Britain, and author; a white female Britain author. This story presents in a mixture of first-person and third-person narrators which can be regarded as the memoires of a traveler narrative; narrated by an English white woman who travelled to colony in Surinam in past. At the opening of the story, first-person narrator, a female British colony, gives us a detailed account of Surinam, the native land of the prince Oroonoko and its peoples way of life as a prelapsarian world The beads they weave into aprons about a quarter of an ell long, and of the same breadth; working them very prettily in flowers of several colors; which apron they wear just before em, as Adam and Eve did the fig-leaves; the men wearing a long stripe of linen, which they deal with us for. This adornment, with their long black hair, and the face painted in little specks or flowers here and there, makes em a wonderful figure to behold. Some of the beauties, which indeed are finely shaped, as almost all are, and who have pretty features, are charming and novel; for they have all that is called beauty,'(Behn, 1-2) and then the narrator shifts to the third-person narrator and shows us the local life of Oroonoko who is enslaves and carries to Britain colony of Surinam and once more the first-person narrator appears when she meets Oroonoko. Narrator is a feminine, Alpha Behn, who sometimes observes Oroonoko passionately, explain him as an ideal man. When the narrator is describing the prince Oroonokos appearance for reader, It seems that her gender defines her description and Oroonoko is pictured by a woman as an ideal man; an ideal man from a womans perspective. The gender of this female narrator limits her fair depiction of Oroonoko since this man is beyond all report I found of him and maybe her fascination toward the appearance and manner of the prince Oroonoko makes an obstacle and prevents her from seeing the true character of him; anything in this man is as perfect as a Greeks gods. But though I had heard so much of him, I was as greatly surprised when I saw him as if I had heard nothing of him; so beyond all report I found him. He came into the room, and addressed himself to me and some other women with the best grace in the world. He was pretty tall, but of a shape the most exact that can be fancied: the most famous statuary could not form the figure of a man more admirably turned from head to foot. His face was not of that brown rusty black which most of that nation are, but of perfect ebony, or polished jet. . there could be nothing in nature more beautiful, agreeable, and handsome. There was no one grace wanting that bears the standard of true beauty.Nor did the perfections of his mind come short of those of his person.This prince, such as I have described him, whose soul and body were so admirably adorned, as capable of love as twas possible for a brave and gallant man to be; and in saying that, I have named the highest degree of love: for sure great souls are most capable of that passion.(Behn, 6-7) The first-person narrator seems to see her ideal man in prince Oroonoko and elevate her with white man. He is the man who addresses women in the best grace and no statuary can made a man as admirable as Oronnoko is; even she describes her face not as dark brown as other negroes, he is something special in their land. Firdous Azim wrote, It is in this context that Oroonoko is introduced. Seventeen years old and grandson of the King, he is at once simultaneously differentiated and brought on centre-stage. Immediately, Oroonokos physical beauty is described in great detail (48). On the other hand, her explanation of Imoinda only emphasis on her outward beauty and he presence is never shown in the story. Imoinda is pictured through old conventions of a woman as This old dead hero had one only daughter left of his race, a beauty, that to describe her truly, one need say only, she was female to the noble male; the beautiful black Venus to our young Mars; I have seen a hundred white men sighing after her, and making a thousand vows at her feet, all in vain (Behn, 7). Even when Oroonoko suggest her to be killed by him because of being in dangerous of the whites savagery in his absent, she accepts it immediately without any objection at least for her child and she scarifies both herself and her unborn child for him. She is an example of a complete respect woman for her husband; the ideal woman for a husband. Seemingly, the author-narrator, first-person narrator, intends to make a god and goddess out of Oroonoko and Imoinda and maybe she, herself, fall in love with him since in the other part, she said that she is the great mistress of the narrator as wrote in her book So that obliging him to love us very well, we had all the liberty of speech with him, especially myself, whom he called his Great Mistress; and indeed my word would go a great way with him(34). None of these characters have voices through the story and whatever is understood passed through narrators lenses and interpretation. the man is under the purview of the narrative gaze, according to Ferdous Azim in his book The Colonial Rise of The Novel, is being objectified and rendered visible through the machinations of the dominant European females voice, and being brought under the gaze of a European audience ( 49). All the portray of Oroonoko, as a black character, is in conflict with white European. It is obvious that she, as a woman, draws this prince through a constructed series of images which are so polished and coherent according to her wishes; as her ideal man. As Elin Diamond said, what she shows her readers about the Oroonoko does not exist in reality but is an illusion. Regarding the female narrator as a English settler of Surinam, she is the teller of a true history and should be unbiased and authentic in telling the truth on history of these black natives since I was myself an eye-witness to a great part of what you will find here set down(2). Although the female narrator told the prince Oroonoko that she will save him and will not let anyone torture him or behaves as a slave , she could not help him at all and Oroonoko die in a horribly way. Although she maintains her authority to save Oroonoko, she is unable to do so since there is a contradiction between the narrators assumed social position and her actual powerless as a character within the framework of power. At first, she resists against the British world but later on she failed to save him because it is revealed that she herself is a victim of ideological power of white world and takes their side. She is absent when the white are torturing and dismembering Oroonoko and like other whites the female narrator is afraid that Oroonoko cut her throat one day so she behaves like others toward the Oroonoko, which she once described as the best and graceful man in the world, and agrees with what they do in silent. Ferdous Azim continues that Aphra Behn, or the authorial voice, is unable to follow Oroonoko in his rebellion, and the text can only portray the disintegration and dismemberment of the Black subject, instead of examining the causes of his rebellion( 44), the narrator resistance fails and she does not follow the destination of prince Oroonoko and later on support what she once rejected; she submits to her inside world and narrates according to the dominant world of whites. This female perspective tried to stay out of white boundaries, saves the Oroonoko, and lets him live like a prince not a slave but she cannot perform what she wanted to do totally. As Joel Pfister declared in his essay Hawthorne as Cultural Theorist that the authors themselves are not only a part of discourse but also a way of performance of power through them so this female narrator cannot escape this discourse of power. This resistant narrator, according to Michel Foucault, is a part of power and this resistance is never in a position of exteriority in relation to power. She has to narrate her world of story within the omnipresent power, there is no way to move away from it, and she finally behaves toward the prince Oroonoko as the others. Author is the representation of the discourse of power. Narrator is surrounded by the dominant world of hers and can not steps out of this territory and whatever she did to keep the prince Oroonoko alive was in vain since she was controlled by the world oh the white she lives in. Although she can be titled as a traveler narrator and she is supposed to tell the reality of native land and reports her readers the true history of this land, she is incapable of performing what she is presumed because she herself is a prison of white world and their dominant superiority over black people. Her dominant world shadows on her thoughts, felling, and words and she has to live within this world and all narrator says is what is dictated to her unconsciously and she cannot stop it.