Road Traffic Injuries in Cameroon Essay -- Transportation, Social Issu

It is estimated that almost 16 000 people die every day from all types of injuries throughout the world (1). Injuries account for 12% of the global burden of disease. They are the third most important cause of overall mortality and the star cause of ending among 140-year-olds (2). Road duty accidents (RTA) are responsible for the highest number of injuries worldwide. According to data published by the World Health Organization (WHO) road job injuries account for around 25% of all wound related deaths (1). The report portrayed road transport crashes as a leading cause of injury related morbidity and mortality the world over. The World Bank and WHO estimates reveal that about 1.2 million people die each year and as legion(predicate) as 50 million sustain injuries as a result of road transport accidents. This represents about 25% of all injury related deaths worldwide. underdeveloped countries account for up to 85% of all road traffic deaths world wide 90% of global disability ad justed life years upset (DALY) and 96% of global traffic related child mortality. Most of these victims are the poor masses that commute as passengers in public transport vehicles, bicycler or pedestrians and users of vans, coaches and minibuses (1, 3, and 4). The actually numbers of road deaths are unknown. This is as a result of variations and limitations in RTI data collection analysis, differences in interpretation and underreporting. Road traffic related deaths account for over 50% of deaths are among young adults in the age range of 1544 years (5) and are the second leading cause of death among children aged 514 years, and young people aged 1529 years worldwide. It is projected that without a major returns on prevention strategies and policies, ... ... healers. The bulk of non-profit facilities are operated by the Catholic and Protestant Health Services the former operate 179 facilities (including 8 hospitals) with a staff of 1,315 and the latter122 health facilities (inc luding 24 hospitals) with a staff of 2,633 (World Bank op cit) there were roughly 200 for-profit clinics (Deschamps, 1996 p. 2) and a few thousand traditional healers (Lantum, 1996 personal communication). The plethora of health fright providers and institutions means a wide variety of sources making it difficult to identify all cases of road traffic related injury reported or treated. both(prenominal) victims of RTI injuries may not show up in hospitals or report to the police as they may prefer to seek alternative treatment and as Dixey (1999) argues the health help seeking behavior of a people maybe informed by the believe of disease and causation.

Theme of Courage in Harper Lees To Kill A Mockingbird Essay -- essays

To Kill A Mockingbird is a book nigh courage to what extent do you agree with this?Harper Lees first novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, displays the life of a small southern family struggling through the depression in Maycomb, Alabama.Seen through the innocent eyes of a young child ar the events and people of Maycomb. Courage is a major theme in the novel but there be other themes uniform the Hypocrisy, Protecting the innocent and Prejudice, which are brought out to the same extent.The author explores the idea of courage in the novel.genus Atticus shows true courage by defending Tom Robinson, a black humanness charged with the rape of a white woman. Atticus continues to fight for justice despite knowing he cant win the case because he is doing what he knows is right. The town is against this..This is shown when Atticus watches over Tom Robinson outside his goal cell the night he has been moved to the local goal. There are concerns about the possibility of a lynch mob.Mrs. Dubose is another example of true courage in this novel. Mrs. Dubose always yells at the children, enraging Jem. One Day when she insults Atticus, Jem wrecks her garden. As Punishment he is forced to read to her for a month. During this time Mrs. Dubose visitms in a fog and has fits towards the end of the sessions. About a month after Jem finished his punishment Mrs. Dubose Dies. Atticus explains that Mrs. Dubose was a morphine addict because of her illness but she had decided that she wanted to leave this world beholden to nothing and nobody. By overcoming a morphine addiction, we see that Ms. Dubose was a woman of tremendous strength and character. She was not going to spend her last days as a drug addict, and despite the pain that it caused her, she succ... ...p the beatific J. Grimes Everett and the Mruna tribe in Africa they neglect to help the poor in Maycomb. They are happy to help people in another country but blatantly ignore the people in need on their own doorstep.This issue is important because it shows that how willing people are to help out people in another country but ignore the goings on of their own town.The idea of true courage is used throughout this text, however so are other equally important themes such as protection of the innocent, prejudice and hypocrisy. Despite that this book was written in the 1930s its ideas are still very relevant today. I feel that prejudice and hypocrisy are especially common in small towns such as Gunnedah. Although peoples attitudes towards things like racism have not completely changed we must not give up hope, we must have faith in the good of all people.

The Role of Polyglutamine Expansions in Huntington’s Disease Essay

Huntingtons infirmity (HD) is a neurodegenerative dominant disorder caused by the expansions of polyglutamine in the gene encoding for Huntingtons protein. It is a developmental autosomal brain disorder that affects muscle coordination, emotional and personality problems. As well as subcortical dementia, further leading to cognitive objurgate this is all related with selective neuronal cell death mainly associated in the striatum and cortex (Scherzinger et al., 1997). HD causes emotional problems, uncontrolled movements and the loss of thinking ability. It send away lead to disability and death from the illness. There are two forms of this disease adult-onset and early-onset (juvenile). Adult onset is by the far most mutual for HD symptoms develop amongst the ages of mid 30s/40s, an individual will live an average of 20 years after symptoms and signs begin. Premature signs and symptoms are depression, involuntary movements, trouble learning new information, curt coordination this can all progress very severely. The development of pre-disease symptoms into twitching or jerking is referred as Chorea. HD can be referred to Huntington Chorea. Although adult onset is more common disorder, juvenile form, defined by the onset of signs and symptoms before the age of 21 years, this occurs in about 7% of HD cases. (Nance, 2001) Juvenile onset has similar symptoms however the disease progresses more quickly compared to the adult onset form. Gente (1985) results showed findings by others, that the most juvenile-onset patients inherit the gene from their fathers and that the late-onset form is more frequently inherited from affected mothers. HD occurs due to CAG/polyglutamine(polyQ) expansions, in the first exon of a gene encoding a la... ..., C. and Bates, G, P. (2004). Huntingtin and the molecular pathogenesis of Huntingtons disease. EMBO reports 5. 958-963Nance, M, A. and Myers, R, H. (2001)Panov, A, V., Gutekunst, C., Leavitt, B, R., Hayden, M, R., Burke, J, R., Strittmatter, W, J. And Greenamyre, J, T. (2002) Early mitochondrial calcium defects in Huntingtons Disease are a direct effect of Polyglutamines. Nature neuroscience. Volume 5 no 8Ross, C, A. (2002). Polyglutamine Pathogenesis Emergence of Unifying Mechanism for Huntingtons Disease and Related Disorders. Neuron, Vol. 35,819-822.Scherzinger, E., Lurz, R., Turmaine, M., Mangiarini, L., Hollenbach, Birgit., Hasenbank, R., Bates, G, P., Davies, S, W., Lehrach, H and Wanker, E, E. (1997). Huntington-Encoded Polyglutamine Expansions figure of speech Amyloid-like Protein Aggregates In Vitro and In Vivo. Cell, Vol.90, 549-558.Zhang,

journalism Essay -- essays research papers

A diary keeper is nighone who works in the news gathering business, such as a photographer, editor in chief or reporter. Journalism is all around us. It dominates television and surrounds us in the vast publishing industry of popularization. Journalism influence our perspectives on issues concerning us. In some other words, its undeniable that journalism has a deep impact on our lives. There are two sides to journalism good journalism and bad journalism. According to K. Minogue, the diarist has the power to mould the information they receive into propaganda or they could just report the news with additions of both side of the story. Journalism could even cause a political uproar like uncovering the Watergate scandal that forced President Nixon of the USA from office in 1974. Hence, it is very important that a journalist follow a code of ethics to maintain peace and harmony among the wad. I agree that even though journalists are said to have a freedom of grimace or speech, the y still have to have public responsibilities. In capital of Singapore, we journalist have to watch what we say in delicate matters like September 11 attacks and the current Japanese China issue. The September 11 attacks may cause our society to be more weary of the Muslims in our society. As journalists, we must we circumspect not to generalize that all Muslims are extremists. What we can do is to ask our Muslim community on their opinion on the terrorists acts and publish it in the news. Since Singapore is a cosmopolitan city, racial and religious matters must be treated diplomatically and fairly. The other races would then be able to understand the Muslims better. Understanding each(prenominal) other would really help nation building as there is social cohesion and thus Singapore would be a peaceful and proportionate home for all. Honesty is another aspect which is very significant. Journalists should observe the common standards of decency and stand accountable to the public for the honesty and accuracy of their news reports. A journalist should not modify or influence any information that goes into their hands. They could do so by using suggestive words and withholding necessary information. many a time journalists try to create a hype or to make their paper sell like hotcakes by compromising honesty. In Singapore, it is pen in the Singapore Jou... ...ght to a certain extent for journalism around the world especially Singapore. Australia and Singapore differ in culture and governance, hence some of the principles may not work in the latter country. Singapore has to provide more protection in journalism to preserve the diverse culture she has. hence its natural for the government to be more strict by imposing fines if a journalist publish unethical news. This would strengthen the bond of trust of the people in Singapore. ReferencesGoh C. T. (2004) in International bosom insitiute.2004 World Press Freedom Review http//www.freemedia.at/wpfr/Asia/singa por.htmhttp//www.newcriterion.com/archive/23/feb05/journalism.htmhttp//www.aliran.com/charter/monitors/2004/11/spore-has-more-press-freedom-than-msia.htmlhttp//www.asne.org/index.cfm?id=888http//www.sph.com.sg/http//www.usinfo.pl/aboutusa/media/ethics.htmhttp//www.alliance.org.au/http//www.media-solicitors.co.uk/Lee, KY (2004) in International Press insitiute.2004 World Press Freedom Review http//www.freemedia.at/wpfr/Asia/singapor.htmMinogue, K. Journalism Power without responsibility http//www.newcriterion.com/archive/23/feb05/journalism.htm

Essay --

The Vietnam War was fought from December 1956 to April 1975 in the Indohchina region that encompasses Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. At its most fundamental level, it can be described as a war between the communist regime in North Vietnam, headed by Ho Chi Minh, with its sympathizers in the South and the Southern non-communist Vietnamese regime. Its roots can be traced back to the end of the Second World War, when Ho Chi Minh and the Vietminh (nationalist communist party) seized index in formally French-controlled Vietnam after the Japanese occupants withdrew. France, unwilling to relinquish their power, sent troops into Indochina in order to regain their control. Meanwhile, Ho Chi Minh continued to consolidate his power through his Soviet and Chinese communist alliesemploying tactics such as imprisonment, exile, and sometimes even murder to be rid of any policy-making opposition or threats to his Communist regime. The struggle continued until the Vietnimhwith Chinese support in wea pons and advisingtook siege of the village Dien Bein Phu, where French troops were located. In May 1954, the Vietnamese successfully took the village, and soon after that the French left Indochina all together ac kip downledging their defeat. In the late 50s, South Vietnam was under control of Ngo Dinh Diem, who implemented a severe and brutal anti-Communist regime, leading to small collectives of communist revolutionaries, who eventually in 1959 were supported and aided materially by the North. Thus the Vietnam War as we know it today began. The Communist North, aided by Chinese and Soviet allies, fought battles with the anti-communist South, aided primarily by the U.S. Yet, how did the U.S. become involved so heavily in a war that seemed to have nothing to do with... ...relenting. It is argued that a fundamental difference between the experiences of Vietnam vets as opposed to veterans of other wars is that veterans of a war such as World War II, though still had a difficult time with what they did and witnessed, had a feeling that what they did in the war was significant and important beyond what they respectively may have seen or donethere was a greater purpose to all of it (i.e. WWII stopping the Nazi invasion and terror). However, considering the turn the war in Vietnam tookhow the U.S. public eventually protested strongly against it and its goalsthat feeling was not always present for the surviving soldiers. This fact among the various other factors like the horrors and gruesomeness of the war contributes to the general psychological problems that plagued the veterans of the war long after they returned home to the U.S.

Essay --

The Vietnam fight was fought from December 1956 to April 1975 in the Indohchina region that encompasses Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. At its most basic level, it can be described as a contend between the communist regime in North Vietnam, headed by Ho Chi Minh, with its sympathizers in the South and the Confederate non-communist Vietnamese regime. Its roots can be traced back to the end of the Second World War, when Ho Chi Minh and the Vietminh (nationalist communist party) seized power in formally French-controlled Vietnam aft(prenominal) the Japanese occupants withdrew. France, unwilling to relinquish their power, sent troops into Indochina in order to regain their control. Meanwhile, Ho Chi Minh continued to consolidate his power through his Soviet and Chinese communist alliesemploying tactics such as imprisonment, exile, and sometimes even murder to be rid of any political opposition or threats to his communistic regime. The struggle continued until the Vietnimhwith Chinese s upport in weapons and advisingtook siege of the village Dien Bein Phu, where French troops were located. In May 1954, the Vietnamese successfully took the village, and in short after that the French left Indochina all together acknowledging their defeat. In the late 50s, South Vietnam was under control of Ngo Dinh Diem, who implemented a severe and inhuman anti-Communist regime, leading to small collectives of communist revolutionaries, who ultimately in 1959 were supported and aided materially by the North. Thus the Vietnam War as we know it today began. The Communist North, aided by Chinese and Soviet allies, fought battles with the anti-communist South, aided primarily by the U.S. Yet, how did the U.S. become involved so heavily in a war that seemed to countenance nothing to do with... ...relenting. It is argued that a fundamental difference between the experiences of Vietnam vets as opposed to veterans of other wars is that veterans of a war such as World War II, though stil l had a difficult time with what they did and witnessed, had a feeling that what they did in the war was significant and important beyond what they individually may earn seen or donethere was a greater purpose to all of it (i.e. WWII stopping the Nazi invasion and terror). However, considering the turn the war in Vietnam tookhow the U.S. public eventually protested strongly against it and its goalsthat feeling was not always present for the surviving soldiers. This fact among the various other factors like the horrors and gruesomeness of the war contributes to the widespread psychological problems that plagued the veterans of the war long after they returned home to the U.S.

“A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings” by Gabriel García Márquez Essay

When Pelayo was coming back to his house, he found an old man face down in the mud, with a pair of enormous wings. The neighbor told them he was an angel, and must have been knocked down by the rain. In the scam story, A Very Old homosexual With spacious Wings, Gabriel Garca Mrquez reveals some of his ideas of human nature. He shows how pessimistic humanity fuel be, through an experience with a f all in allen angel. wiz portrayal found in the story was the idea of human greed and selfishness. Most people are interested in what is trump for them, or how they great deal take advantage of something for their own good. In the story, the Pelayo and Elisenda, husband and wife, had an angel fall into their yard. At first they were going to put the angel on a hole and free him from their chicken coop prison. Instead, they decided to charge admission to see the fallen angel that they held captive in their courtyard (6). They knew that people would come from over to see this spectacle, and took advantage of the situation.By keeping this angel locked up in the chicken coop, they were profiting off of his misery. The people that came complained of their many problems, and were looking for the angel to help them. They were all concerned with themselves, and their own problems, rather than the angels well being. This selfishness is just part of human nature. The human race will always look for the best options to benefit themselves.Humans seem to have a very short attention span. The smallest things can be amusing, and keep our attention, but generally only for a short time. The human race is always looking for the new best thing, whether it is the hippest fashions, the newest, fastest cars, or the top-of-the-line computers. In A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings, the people were amazed by the fact that a flesh-and-blood angel had fallen, and were coming from all over to see him. It was only after a extent of a few weeks or so that a traveling circus came to town.In this circus, there was a woman who was supposedly turned into a wanderer for disobeying her parents. The crowd lost interest in the angel and swarmed to see the spider lady (10). The people were interested in this angel for only a short period of time because something more interesting came to town. The whole idea that there was a fallen angel on earth became old news.Humanity is, by nature, atrocious. Again, going back to the angel and his imprisonment, it seemed as though people were upset or disappointed that the angel would not answer their questions. The whole imprisonment was cruel to begin with. At first, they even tried to feed the angel mothballs. Then, when everyone was dissatisfied with the angel merely lying around in the chicken coop, they decided to compress him to move by burning his side with an iron, used for branding steers (9). For weeks they tormented this poor, hopeless angel.Mrquez, through his fiction, has shown some of his feelings on the philosophy of huma n nature. He feels that as a whole, is not very positive, and can be quite selfish. We tend to have a short attention span with many things, and we can also be very cruel. Human nature, as portrayed in A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings, is not as perfect and wonderful as many would like to believe.

If I Were A President Essay

If I were to establish President of the United States of the States I would change virtually issues that are hurting America and keep other stuff that are helping our country become stronger. The central points that I would focus on would be the military, the economic system, education, homeland security and the poor. Those important points have pros and cons, as a president I would minimize the cons and up bring the pros. As a president some of the policies depart change and some pass on stay the same. I would start my policies with the main point that the USA citizens are struggling the most with.The difference that I would like to see in America would be the economy. We are going through a tough time relating to money and as a president I would like for it to become better throughout the country. My first order would be to create more jobs to help the economy within the USA by creating jobs I believe that the economy will slowly become better.The military will be coming hom e from whichever war to end violence and/or regroup our strategies. Military would be given any necessary equipment that they need also they would be granted any support that they might need to get back on their feet in the United States.As for homeland security I will make it stronger and more alert that way no incident with a terrorist will be able to occur. Education will also be one of my priorities. I will make the education rise up from its current rank worldwide. I also want to lower the tuition of universities and colleges we have to make the education cheaper to keep students educating themselves. Poor families cant afford the money for their children to go to school, poor families will be inspected as to why the are in their current economic situation and if they deserve the help they will be given the help.Three things that I will change would be the education system, we put students especially high schoolers under too much pressure. Another thing that I would change will be our trash system. I would make it a law that all citizens will need to sort their trash into recycling trashcans. One more thing that I would change would be that all states have to allow abortion. It is a controversial topic but I believe that women need the abortion.

Tiffany Case

The case In July l993 . Tiff all& Company concluded an agreement with its Japanese distri providedor, Mitsukoshi Ltd. that would fundamentally change its business in Japan. Under the new agreement, Tiffanys wholly owned subsidiary, Tiffany& Company Japan Inc. (Tiffany-Japan), assumed management responsibilities in the operation of 29 Tiffany &Company boutiques previously ope countd by Mitsukoshi in its stores and other locations in Japan.Tiffany looked forward to the new arrangement, as it was now responsible for megs of one dollar bills in stock that it previously interchange wholesale to Mitsukoshi, resulting in enhanced revenues in Japan derived from high retail prices. It was also apparent, however, that fluctuations in the suffer/dollar exchange dictate would now affect the dollar value of its Japanese gross revenue, which would be realized in yen. Since Japanese sales were large and still growing, it seemed evident such fluctuations substantial impact on Tiffanys futur e financial performance. Company BackgroundFounded in New York in 1837,Tiffany Company was an internationally renowned-retailer, designer, manufacturer ,and distributor of luxury goods . The famous blue-box company found its initial success in fine jewelry, most notably diamonds, but had since expanded its product line to include timepieces, china, crystal, silverware, and other luxury accessories. In the fiscal year ending January 31, l993 (FY1992), Tiffany earned $15. 7million on revenues of $486. 4million and had total assets of$419. 4 million. young financial statements are provided in Exhibits 1and 2.An historical summary of operations is provided in Exhibit 3. After more than a century of independence, Tiffany was acquired by Avon Products, Inc. in 1979. For the beside several years, Avon, a nationwide door-to-door cosmetics marketer, worked to expand Tiffanys product line to reach beyond its traditional affluent customer base to the larger mettle market. While this diversi fication strategy resulted in enhanced sales for Tiffany from $84million in l979to $124million in l983, operating expenses as a percentage of sales grew inordinately from 34%to 43% in 1978and l983, respectively.Avon soon realized that Tiffanys traditional market niche was substantially different than its own and, in l984, decided to put the company up for sale. The most attractive offer came from Tiffanys own management, who agreed to buy stomach Tiffanys equity and the Fifth Avenue store building for a total of $135. 5 million. In what at last took the form of a leveraged buyout (L B O), the terms of the deal distributed virtually all of the equity shares to three key investor groups. Management ended up with 20% of total equity shares.Investcorp, the Bahrain-and London-based merchant bank that backed management in the deal, received 49. 8%of total equity shares. The third player, General galvanic Credit Corporation(GECC), ended up with 25. 7%of total equity shares. 1t was throu gh an $85 million credit arrangement with GECC that management was able to refinance a substantial portionof the purchase price. The aftermath of the LBO was marked by very tight free cash flow coupled with significant growth electromotive force on the horizon.After the company had once again become profitable and realizing that the companys growth prospects demanded more cash than could be generated internally, in 1987,management offered Tiffany personal line of credit to the public at approximately $15 a share(adjusted for a subsequent stock split). In l989,Mitsukoshi purchased l. 5 million shares of Tiffanys joint stock from GECC. As of January31, 1993, Mitsukoshi owned approximately 14% of Tiffany stock, the largest percentage of any single institutional investor.Three other institutional investors collectively owned approximately 26% of the stock, followed by all Tiffany executive officers and directors as a group at 4. 9%. In l993, Tiffany was organized into three distribu tion channels U. S. retail, direct marketing, and international retail. U. S. retail included retail sales in Tiffany-operated stores in the get together States and wholesale sales to item-by-item retailers in North America. The l6 stores in this channel accounted for 50% of total sales in FY 1992 Direct marketing, representing the smallest channel of distribution, consisted of corporate and compose sales .In FY 1992, its sales represented 18% of Tiffanys total sales. International retail, which included retail sales through Tiffany-operated stores and boutiques, corporate sales, and wholesale sales to free-lance retailers and distributors, primarily in the Far East and Europe, accounted for 32% of total sales in FY1992. Jewelry sales from all three channels accounted for 65% of 1993 sales, make jewelry the most significant product line. Exhibit 4 provides financial results of Tiffanys domestic and foreign operations.The past several years for Tiffany were marked by a trend of international expansion, beginning in1986 when it opened a flagship retail store in London. Additional flagship stores were then opened in Munich and Zurich in 1987 and 1988, respectively. In 1990, the Zurich store was expanded. Stores were opened in Hong Kong at the Peninsula Hotel and at the LandmarkCenter in August 1988 and March 1989, respectively. Taipei saw the opening of a store in1990, as did capital of Singapore (at the Raffles Hotel), Frankfurt, and Toronto in 199l. Also in l991, the London store was expanded.In l992, Tiffany opened five new boutiques in Japan, and deuce new boutiques were opened by an independent retailer in Korea. Early 1993 saw go on international growth, with the opening of two more boutiques in Japan, a second store in Singapores NgeeAnnCity, two boutiques by independent retailers in Saipan and the Philippines, and the expansion of the Peninsula Hotel store in Hong Kong. Exhibit 5 shows the growth in the number of Tiffany stores and boutiques around the world from 31 to 79, implying a 250% increase from 1987 to 1993.These 79 retail locations included l6stores in the United States,56 stores in the Far East,6stores in Europe, and l store in Canada, all of which ranged in sizing from700 to 13,OOO gross square feet, with a total of approximately 127,OOO gross square feet devoted to retail purposes. Tiffanys worldwide capital expenditures were $22. 8 million in FY l992. compared with $41. 4 million in FY 1991. These expenditures were primarily for the opening of new stores and boutiques and the expansion of existing stores.Management anticipated capital expenditures to drop further to $18. O million in FY l993 in the first place rebounding to approximately $25. O million in FY 1994. Management also expected to open four or five new stores per year in the foreseeable future. To support future expansion plans, and fluctuations in seasonal working capital needs, management planned to rely upon internally generated funds and a $100 mil lion noncollateralized revolving credit facility available at interest rates based upon Eurodollar rates, a prime rate, certificate of deposit rates, or money market rates.As in the past, cash dividends were expected to be maintained at a relatively moderate level, which would permit the company to retain a majority of its earnings. Impetus for miscellany in the Japanese Operations While Tiffany found new market potential across the globe, nowhere was let as promising as in Japan, where Tiffanys sales accounted for only 1% of the $20 billion Japanese jewelry market. The thriving Japanese scrimping of the late l980s and very early mid-nineties stimulated a booming demands for certain types of expensive and glamorous Western goods.Among these were Tiffany products, principally those of the fine jewelry line marketed toward older women. However, as the Japanese economy finally slowed and Japanese consumers became more cautious in their spending, the demand for Tiffanys luxury items also slumped. In response to soft consumer demand in Japan, Mitsukoshi cut back on Tiffany inventory levels. Mitsukoshis wholesale purchases from Tiffany-Japan declined from 23%of Tiffanys total sales in FY 199l to 15%in FY1992. Declining wholesale shipments were also accompanied by a small decline in gross margin from 49. %in FY1991 t0 48. 7%in FY 1992. Despite lackluster consumer demand in the first half of FY 1993, however, Tiffany continued to believe that Japanese sales had attractive long-run growth potential. It was for this reason that Tiffany sought greater control over its future in Japan and ultimately decided to restructure its Japanese operations. From 1972 through July1993, Mitsukoshi acted as the principal retailer of Tiffany products in Japan, purchasing selected goods from Tiffany-Japan on a wholesale basis.Mitsukoshi sold the products on a retail basis to the Japanese consumer, realizing profits in the form of relatively higher retail prices. Since the wholesale tr ansactions were denominated entirely in dollars, fluctuations in the yen/dollar exchange rate did not represent a source of volatility for Tiffanys expected cash flows. Instead, Mitsukoshi bore the risk of any exchange rate fluctuations that took place between the time it purchased the inventory from Tiffany and when it finally made cash settlement.Typically, Tiffany trade sold by Mitsukoshi was priced at a substantial premium (l00% in some cases) over the domestic U. S. retail price for such merchandise. The new agreement between the two companies, however, fundamentally changed both companies financial situations. In repurchasing the merchandise previously sold by Tiffany to Mitsukoshi, Tiffany-Japan assumed new responsibility for establishing yen retail prices, holding inventory in Japan for sale, managing and funding local advert and publicity programs, and controlling local Japanese management.Mitsukoshi on the other hand, would no longer be an independent retailer of Tiffany products but would still receive fees equaling 27% of net retail sales in compensation for providing boutique facilities, sales staff, collection of receivables, and security for store inventory. With greater control over retail sales in its Japanese operations, Tiffany looked forward to long-run improvement in its performance in Japan despite continuing weak local economic conditions. However, change magnitude sales and profits were not the only changes that Tiffany could anticipate as a result of the new agreement.Tiffany now faced the risk of foreign currency fluctuations previously borne by Mitsukoshi. Past history warned Tiffany that the yen/dollar exchange rate could be quite volatile on a year-to-year and even month-10-month, basis. Exhibit 6 illustrates the significant strengthening of the yen against the dollar during the l O years ending in 1993. While a continuation of this strengthening would enhance the dollar value of Tiffanys yen denominated cash inflows, there was the distinct possibility that the yen might eventually become overvalued and crash suddenly, just as the U.S dollar in 1985. Indeed,there was some evidence that the yen was overvalue against the dollar in 1993 (see Exhibit 7) Hedging to Manage Foreign Exchange Risk The possibility of sharp, unexpected movements in the yen/dollar exchange rate had prompted Tiffanys management to study the desirability of engaging in a program to manage exchange rate risk. To reduce exchange rate risk on its yen cash flows, Tiffany had two basic alternatives available to it. One was to enter into forward agreements to sell yen for dollars at a predetermined price in the future.The other was to purchase yen put options. The terms at which Tiffany could purchase forward contracts and put options, on with other financial market data, are shown in Exhibit 8. Before committing Tiffany to a hedging program, management wanted to be sure it understood what the potential risks and rewards were for each of the se so-called derivative instruments. Perhaps more importantly, it was essential to determine whether or not a risk management program was appropriate for Tiffany, what it objectives should be, and how much, if any, impression should be covered. pic This included a $ 75 million secured revolving credit facility a $10 million, 16% subordinated note due in 1992 and common stock warrants to purchase approximately 25% of the companys equity on a fully diluted basis. Prior to Mitsukoshis purchase of Tiffanys common stock from GECC, Tiffany and Mitsukoshi entered into an agreement by which Mitsukoshi agreed not purchase in excess of 19. 9% of Tiffanys issued and outstanding common shares. This agreement would expire on September 31, 1994.Due to the significant number of Tiffany boutiques already operating in Japan, future openings there were expected to occur only at very modest rate, if at all, in the near-term future. Tiffanys business was seasonal in nature, with the fourth quarter typ ically representing a proportionally greater percentage of annual sales, income from operations, and net income. In FY 1992, net sales totaled & 107,238,000, $120,830,000, $105,897,000, and $152,431,000 for the first, second, third, and fourth quarters, respectively. Management expected this pattern to continue in the future.Tiffany management believed that a retail price reduction in Japan of 20% to 25% would likely result in a substantial increase in unit volume of jewelry sales. The repurchase of inventory by Tiffany necessitated the reversal of $115 million in sales and related gross profit previously recognized on merchandise sold to Mitsukoshi. Accordingly, Tiffany record a gross profit previously recognized $57. 5 million reserve to provide for product returns. , which reduced the second fiscal quarters (ended July 31, 1993) net income by approximately $32. 7 million, or $2. 7 per share. Of the $115 million of sales being reversed, only $52. 5 million of inventory held in Mit sukoshi boutiques was essentially repurchased during the month of July 1993 (Mitsukoshi agreed to accept a deferred payment on $25 million of this repurchased boutique inventory, which was to be repaid in yen on a quarterly basis with interest of 6% per annum over the next 4 1/2 years). Approximately $62. 5 million of Tiffany & Company inventory maintained in Mitsukoshi warehouses would be repurchased throughout the period ending February 28, 1998.Payment for this warehouse inventory was to be made in yen 40 days following actual receipt of the inventory. Fees were reduced to 5% on certain high-value jewelry items repurchased from Mitsukoshi. Tiffany Japan would also pay Mitsukoshi incentive fees equal to 5% of the amount by which boutique sales increase year-to-year. Calculated on a per boutique basis. In Tokyo, Tiffany boutiques could be established only in Mitsukoshis stores, and Tiffany-brand jewelry could be sold only in such boutiques (though Tiffany-Japan reserved the right to open a single flagship store inTokyo). =============================================================================== The suggested questions In what way(s) is Tiffany exposed to exchange-rate risk subsequent to its new distribution agreement with Mitsukoshi? How serious are these risks? Should Tiffany actively manage its yen-dollar exchange-rate risk? Why or why not? If Tiffany were to manage exchange-rate risk action at law, what should be the objectives of such a program? Specifically, what exposures should be actively managed? How much of these exposures should be covered, and for how long? As instruments for risk management, what are the chief differences of foreign-exchange options and forward or futures contracts? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? Which, if either, of these types of instruments would be most appropriate for Tiffany to use if it chose to manage exchange-rate risk? How should Tiffany organize itself to manage its exchange-rate risk? Who should be responsible for executing its hedges? Who should have oversight responsibility for this activity? What controls should be put in place?

Industrial Training Research Paper on Esquire

AHSANULLAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECH no.OGY Dept. of Textile Technology Course no. Tex-600 Course Title industrial Training Session Fall 2010 REPORT ON INDUSTRIAL TRAINING From 1st June 2011 to 30th July 2011 ESQUIRE KNIT COMPOSITE LTD 22/58, Kachpur, Sonargaon, Narayangonj Supervising Teacher Nahida Akter proofreader Dept. of Textile Technology, AUST Report Submitted By- come across ID Md. Imtiaz Ahmed 07. 01. 06. 0 Md. Iftekhar Hossain 07. 01. 06. 067 Md. Husne Mubarak 07. 01. 05. ACK noneLEDGEMENT At first our gratefulness goes to Almighty Allah to give us strength & ability to complete the industrial training.Industrial Training is an academic course of the Textile Technology Department of AUST. We want to give thanks Professor Dr. Mustafizur Rahman, Head, Department of Textile Technology, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, gave us an opportunity to acquire preferable mill for Industrial Training. We chose Esquire Knit Composite Limited gracefully with the s upervision of our teacher Mrs. Nahida Akter , Lecturer. We would like to thank her for her logical guide auras, constant inspirations necessary book of instructions and proper supervision.During the training in Esquire Knit Composite Limited we worked in all the departments related with the Wet Processing Section. We also worked sincerely in the knitting Section, Maintenance and Effluent Treatment Plant. Moreover we learned ab come out timber hear Section, undefiled Fabric Inspection Section, coating & specially dis an nonate. We would like to thank the management of Esquire Knit Composite Limited for giving us the opportunity to do industrial training successfully and also for their valuable suggestions. Our heartiest appreciation goes to Mr. Ehsanul Karim Kaiser, ED of operation EKCL and Mr.Hafizur Rahaman Nixon DGM (Fabric dye) for their permission to conduct our industrial training without which it would be incomplete. We would also like to thank Mr. Md. Zaman Manager (F abric gloss) and Mr. Md Helal Sr. Manager (Fabric finish) for their insightful suggestions, guidelines and sharing their values with us. At last we want to thanks all the executives, senior executives and officials of EKCL for helping us to conduct industrial training successfully. Chapter 1 full general INFORMATION ABOUT FACTORY 1. NAME OF FACTORY Esquire Knit Composite Ltd. 2. STATUS Private Ltd. Comp or so(preno arcminuteal) 3.NATURE OF BUSINESS 100% Export point building complex knit Dyeing 4. OWNER OF THE MILL Md. Mofazzal Hossain. 5. LOCATION OF MILL 22/58, Kanchpur, Sonargaon, Narayangonj. 6. HEAD OFFICE Ideal Trade Centre (9th & 10th Floor) 102, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Tejgaon I/A, Dhaka. Tel 9113161, 9129396 Fax. 880-02-812 email emailprotected net 7. YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT Fabric colour project July-1993 Yarn dyeing project September-1993 8. Project Cost Taka four hundred, 00,000 9. Project Area 200000 sq. feet 10. Total hands a. Yarn Dyeing 350 b.Embroidery 120 c. Fabric Dyeing cd d. Maintenance 150 e. Knitting 400 f. Garments 4310 g. Printing 150 h. Administration 120 11. INSTALLED electrical condenser 1. 54 Million kg 12. TOTAL TUR nary(prenominal)ER Average 13. harvestION a. Total450 Metric ton per month b. Knitting 12 tons/ twenty-four hour period c. Yarn dyeing 8 tons/day d. Fabric dyeing 15 tons/day e. Garments 50000 pcs/day Site location of the mill westbound SOUTH no(prenominal)TH Jatrabari Chowrasta EAST Dhaka-Chittagong Highway Esquire Knit Composite Limited Kachpur Bridge Sinha Textile Dhaka-Shylet Highway Dhaka-Chittagong Highway Different DepartmentsThe mill has several constituents to triumph smoothly, they atomic number 18 condition bellow * KNITTING SECTION 1. Knitting 2. Inspection * KNIT DYEING SECTION 1. plenitude section 2. Store set up for dyes & chemicals 3. Dyeing section 4. Lab & QC 5. Finishing * YARN DYEING SECTION 1. Batch section 2. Store house for dyes &chemicals 3.Dyeing section 4. Lab & QC 5. F inishing * GARMENTS SECTION 1. merchandising 2. Sample 3. Production * MAINTENANCE 1. Electrical 2. Mechanical 3. Utility * ACCOUNTS & COMMERCIAL SECTION * PLANNING DEPARTMENT * HUMAN RESOURCE SECTION * ADMIN SECTION PRODUCT MIX a) Knitted grey models Single jersey Plain Fabric, 11 Rib, 21 Rib, 22 Rib , Lycra single jersey, Lycra Rib, Interlock, Polo Pique, Lacoste(Single/Double), engineering science Stripe, Feeder Stripe, Drop needle, 2/3 Thread fleece(Brushed/Un-brushed), Collar & Cuff etc. ) Knit Garments T-shirt, Polo shirt, Sweat shirt, Golf shirt, menuigan, Jogging suit, Short/Trouser, Legging, Fashion queue up & Children wears etc. COMPANY PROFILE About Esquire Esquire group is one of the leading among manufacturers & suppliers of a comprehensive range of quality knitted stuffs, washy fabrics , Dyed yarns 7 Garments products for assorted customer requirements . Our range of products include dyed yarn , Dyed of knitted fabrics, hoar fabrics Single jersey, Double jerse y, CVC Fleece, Terry fabrics, Plain interlock, PC, 100% Polyester fabrics, Grey Melange and final products is Garments & printing.An ISO 90012000 certified comp all Esquire Group continues to play a leading spot in the manufacturing of Quality Garments in Bangladesh with the intent to further settle its position for its quality products. With our decades of experience and extensive industry knowledge, we have been able to face the challenges of the global market place and deliver quality products in adhesion with market standards and parameters. Whatever your specification or quantity desired, our expertise and quality of service constantly remain the same .Modern mathematical product and techniques and flexible procersses and procedures allow us to offer efficient service for small batch as well as large nightclubs . Esquire knit Composite is a 100% export oriented company and work with the objective of achieving maximum customer satifaction. The Company has adopt innovative procedures and practice to meet customer expectations everytime they deal with us. We always welcome any feedback or suggestions from clients in localise to serve them better . Vision We will work together to define and down the stairsstand every deal per figure outed by the rganization and continuosly progress to to improve the quality at defferet stage of production and supply. Our aim is to g class by providing standard and superior dyeing products and Garments and support services that ar always astep ahead,Eco-frriendly , and loved by our customers . We will give our customers every reason to rely on us and will touch our vision by developing win-win confederacy with our clients and open communications with our all stake holders including associates , customers and suppliers . MisionOur mission is to lead the industry to the front with complete commitment and dedication on standards , Quality, productivity and customer gratification . Esquire Team Another major asset to our sophisticated production facilities and technical expertise is our team of experienced and qualified people who atomic number 18 committed to achieve maximum customer satisfaction by delivering superior value products . The team whole shebang under the able guidance of our chairman Mr. Mofazzol Hossain , under whose leadership, The company has reached so far in this business. Our senior management include * Mr. Mofazzol Hossain-(Chairman) Esquire group Mr. Ehsanul Habib- Managing Director (M. D) * Mr. Ehsanul Karim Kaiser- oecumenic Manager(G. M) * Dr. Md. Ali Haider-G. M(R&D) * Mr. A. S. M. Hafizur Rahman-DGM (Fabric dyeing) * Mr. Nazrul Islam Khan-AGM (Garments) * Mr. Faroqure rahman-AGM (Yarn dyeing) REMARKS Esquire knit composite Ltd. is a member of Esquire group of companies , a leading house of industries and commerce in Bangladesh . It contains Esquire Electronics , Esquire knit composite , Esquire Knit Wears, Esquire Dyeing Industry , Esquire sourcing , MMH textiles , Fashion Paradise Ltd. CHAPTER 02 cutting Material RAW MATERIALRaw textile is a unique substance in any production oriented textile industry. It plays a vital role in case of continuous production & for high quality fabric. The EKCL always try to use high quality raw material to export high quality and world class product. Raw material for knitting Yarn Count Cotton20/1s ,24/1s, 26/1s,30/1s,40/1s) Polyester50/D,75/D, 100/D Lycra120/D PC30/1s CVC30/1s Gray Millenge28/1 s Raw material for yarn dyeing Yarn Cotton(20/1s,24/1s,26/1s,30/1s,40/1s), Polyester (50/D, 75/D100/D), Lycra (120/D), PC(30/1s), CVC(30/1s) Thread Dyes Remazol, Ciba, Bezaktive SLF, Drimarene, Kimsoline.Auxiliaries Raw material for Fabric dyeing Fabric Single Jersey, Lycra Single jersey, 1? 1 Rib, 2? 1 Rib, 2? 2 Rib, Lycra Rib, Interlock, Single lacoste, Double lacoste, Terry fleece, Polo pique, Lycra fleece, Gray Millenge. Dyes Dyes list is given in the next page Auxiliaries Auxiliaries list is given later dyes li st chemicals & Auxiliaries use in EKCL Sr. none Type Chemical call forth provider 01. Acid donor 01. DYAPOL-AB DYAPOL 02. MEROPAN-CIT CHT 03. OPTAVON-4UD ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ 04. SANDASID PB CLARIANT 05. SENTAVIN RCO H & M LTD. 2. Anti-creasing Agent 01. ALBAFLUID CD HUNTSMAN 02. BIAVIN 109 (10% Sol. ) CHT 03. BIAVIN SFT (10% Sol. ) CHT 04. Cibafluid C N/A 05. JINSOFTER-ACN JINTEX 06. JINSOFTER CBA JINTEX 07. JINSOFTER BSK JINTEX 03. Antifoaming factor 01. ALBATEX FFC (10% Sol. ) CIBA CHEMICALS 02. CIBAFLOW Jet CIBA CHEMICALS 03. CONTIPON S (10% Sol. ) ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ 04. JINDAFOAM spout JINTEX 05. CROSCOLOR CDA EURO DYE CTC 06. CROSCOLOR NJA N/A 07. CROSCOLOR PTM H & M LTD. 08. TISSOCYL RC9 H & M LTD. 09. Zetafoam Zero (5% Sol. ) ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ 04. Anti-pilling Enzyme 01. Al-Chemi (Conj) N/A 02. BEIZYM TEC HUNTSMAN 03. Bio-polish Tex Resources 04. Biotex PIL(30% Sol. ) N/A 05. DELTA-BP H. P. CHEMICALS 06. Ecotouch Quality Colour & Chem. LTD. 07. Fibrilase HD 350 N/A 08. FORYLASE-DLS 170 N/A 09. HDL-160 Ablu 10. JINTEXME OEM JINTEX 11. Liquid Enzyme N/A 12. MEGA-EH3 Ablu 13. Retrocell PL7X H & M LTD. 14. Retrocell ELX H & M LTD. 15. Retrocell PLEX N/A 16. Retrocell-PLX-TRA FINTEX TRADING CORP. 17. ROCKSOFT TM BIO-ACE dyadic International 18. SILTEX PE40 CRECOON PVT LTD (PAK) 05. Creasing performer 01. INVATEX SA HUNTSMAN 06. Detergent 01. INVATEX DA HUNTSMAN 07. Dispersing means 01. Domapol-B-conc. N/A 02. DYAPOL XLF ZSCHIMER & SCH 03. INVATEX AC HUNTSMAN 04. OPTAVON SV H & M LTD. 05. SETAMOL BL BASF 06. SETAMOL WS N/A 08. Emulsifier 01. MA-Humi-W(terge AP) Elitte Textile 09. Enzymatic Killer 01. SILTEX ASILON OL CRECOON PVT LTD. (PAK) 10. Fixing Agent 01. ALBAFIX ECO HUNTSMAN 02. ALCOFIX R N/A 03. JINFIXER JINTEX 04. ZETAFIX-R-(WER) ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ 05. ZETAFIX WER ZSCHIMER & SCH WAR Z 06. Zetasal-WER JINTEX 07. TAIGAL N-600 N/A 11. General Chemicals 01. ACETIC ACID CENTARY FAITH IND. LTD 02. BLEACHING POWDER CENTARY FAITH IND. LTD 03. Biorol-JK N/A 04. CAUSTIC SODA (Pearls) ARABIAN ALRAIS. COM LTD 05. Chelam-NEX N/A 06. Common Salt (Sikder) N/A 07. DISODIUM inorganic phosphate N/A 08. GLAUBER SALT GRASSIM IND. LTD 09. Green-Acid (Jintex-CPS) JINTEX 10. GREEN ACID (Jintex-CPS) N/A 11. GSS. FINTEX TRADING 12. H2O2 (35%) H. P. CHEMICALS 13. H2O2 (50%) CENTARY FAITH IND. LTD 14. JINTEX RH JINTEX 15. Lazim PE N/A 16. Lubisol-AM N/A 17. SCOURNER BF-70 N/A 18. SETAVIN AS N/A 19. Soda Ash ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ 20. Sodium Hydros NIMIR SPECIALLY CHEMICAL LTD. 21. Soda PS SHUNG SHUNG CHEM. COM. LTD. 22. TRI SODIUM PHOSPHATE N/A 23. Visco discolorise ARABIAN ALRAIS. COM. (SA) 24. Visco tinge ARABIAN ALRAIS. COM. (SA) 12. Levelling agent(For Reactive dyes) 01. Ablutex-STR Ablu 02. ALBATEX LD HUNTSMAN 03. Alcoperse AD N/A 04. BITGEN DL/P N/A 05. CROSCOLOR ADM H & M LTD. 06. CROSCOLOR HPJS H & M LTD. 07. JINLEV CL-225 JINTEX 08. JINTEX RLA JINTEX 09. Levajol-RL N/A 10. MA SCOUR AIN (Perp-IN) Ellite Textile 11. Sera-Gal-C-FTR Scarlet Services 12. TAIGAL NL-4DH N/A 13. TAIGAL SET N/A Levelling agent(For Dispersedyes) 01. CROSPREP PBS H & M LTD. 02. Doregal-SFD N/A 03. DYAPOL-XLF DYAPOL 04. JINLEV RLF JINTEX 05. LYOGEN PES LIQUID-200 JINTEX 3. Peroxide Killer 01. Catalase BF CHT 02. LORINOL ULTRA-125 N/A 03. R-THN/Catalase BF ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ 04. Setavan-PK(THN) 50% ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ 05. Reduzol PK (50% Sol. ) N/A 14. Reducing agent 01. IRGASOL DAM CIBA CHEMICALS 02. MCL-TH CLARIANT 03. Meropan / Redulite Red CHT 04. Redulite RED CHT 05. REDUPAL SU CLARIANT 06. Zetasol OR ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ 15. Sequestering agent 01. ANTISIL CONZ N/A 02. HEPTOL KEB CHT 03. JINTEXALATE SQ -117 JINTEX 04. LADIQUEST 1097 CLARIANT 05. MEROPAN DPE CHT 06. SECURON-C COGNIS 07. Trilon TB BASF 08. TRILON TB (10% Sol. ) CLARIANT 16. Silicone 01. MICROCIL AM SILVIA 17. Soaping agent 01. ASUTOL-PA Ablu 02. CEREFAST CRD N/A 03. COTOBLANCE NSR CHT 04. ERIOPON R HUNTSMAN 05. JINTEXALATE QSE JINTEX 06. REACTIVE W Texotech 18. Softener 01. Astrost SA (10% Sol. ) N/A 02. Bevasoft CF (10% Sol. ) N/A 03. CROSOFT NBC (10% Sol. ) EURO-DYE CTC 04. Decosoft Jcc (10% Sol. ) Tex Color Int. 05. INSOFT CL (10% Sol. ) NIMIR SPECIALLY CHEMICAL LTD. 06. JINSOFT AW-509 JINTEX 07. JINSOFTER FS/CS JINTEX 08. Jinsofter ME N/A 09. Jinsofter NF (10% Sol. ) JINTEX 10. JINSOFTER WCS-(FLAKES) JINTEX 11. Ma-Smooth AL EURO-DYE CTC 12. MEGASOFT FMG HUNTSMAN 13. TUBINGAL CHT 19. Washing agent 01. Ablutex BBV Ablu 02. FELOSAN NOF CHT 03. Flock-BM/Hydrostat-BM N/A 04. Hydrostat BM N/A 05. MA Disp-ARE (SOAP REA) Ellite Text ile 06. SCOURNER S-300 N/A 07. SINCAL MED ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ 08. SQ-117 JINTEX 09. smirch REMOVER N/A 10. ZETASOL SPECIAL ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ 20. Wetting agent 01. Ablutex AP-500 Ablu 02. Ablutex -AP-750 (42% Sol. ) Ablu 03. AMIDOPAL PB ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ 04. APRETAN EM ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ 05. ASILON OIL MM TRADING 06. Chtex BS-401 Centary Faith Industrial Ltd. 07. Crosquent DS H & M LTD. 08. DEPICOL RC-9 ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ 09. DIAMUL SHC YORKSITE 10. DYAPOL HWF H & M LTD. 11. FELOSAN RGN CHT 12. FORYI 146 (CONC. ) COGNIS 13. JINTERGE SCF Cond N/A 14. JKY T.CORPORATION 15. Lorinal R. K N/A 16. MA-Lizen XLC Ellite Textile 17. Optavon-AC-BL-100(ABC) ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ 18. Optavon 4UD H & M LTD. 19. PERLAVIN NDA N/A 20. RADUZIN ABC Ablu 21. RADUZIN ABC ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ 22. RADUZIN AC-BL-100 ZSCHIMER & SCH WARZ 23. Zetasal WER (10% Sol. ) N/A PRODUCTION PLANNING & SEQUENCE OF OPERATION Introd uction and Basic Procedure of prep and Control A planned work brings success. Without think cipher is completed within the required time. So planning has its own importance which is intolerable. Planning gives a scheduled task and nurse completes it successfully. But production planning and defy is not an easy task. So EKCL has a self-sufficient and high-performance department called Production Planning & Control. Its Basic works procedure is as follows 1. fetching orders from trade division. 2. Analyzing the orders. 3. Planning for knitting the fabric. 4. Planning for dyeing the fabric. 5. Planning for finishing the fabric. It is only a basic procedure. It may change according to the fibre of order. Sometimes, order is places only for finishing the material or only for dyeing the white goods.Then some steps are omitted for planning procedure. 1. Taking orders from marketing division EKCL marketing division supplies Fabric Orders to the Planning and control division by a s pecial format. 2. Analyzing the orders This section analyze the orders according to emptors, Order Quantity, type of orders (i. e. type of fabric, color to be dyed etc. ), tar date etc. Then it selects which M/C. to use, no of M/C. to use, time required for production etc. This section plans for required quantity of fabric to be knitted (Order quantity + 6% of Order Quantity), knitting balance, fabric need to be dyed.Dyeing balance, RFD (Ready for delivery), RFD balance, delivered fabric and delivery balance. 3. Planning for knitting This section plans for knitting production. It selects machine for knit the fabric for specific type of fabric, type of yarn used, required GSM, width etc. It also gives delivery data for knitted fabric. It also places orders for buying of yarn from spinning mills by a specific schedule. 4. Planning for dyeing the fabric Production planning for dyeing is called Batch Plan. According to the batch no. And color, width, style and social system the batc h plan is made. For easy understand this section gives some T. cards. T cards are serialized according to the priority of delivery. The batches and T cards also serialized as to dye flatboat shade at first and lastly the dark shades, since faulty shades evoke be converted to dark color later. 5. Planning for finishing the fabric Finishing schedule is same us the dyeing. After dyeing the material goes to the finishing section with the batch plan. Finished data is written to the batch card and is informed to the planning section. However, this section always enforces to all the departments to finish all the works within the delivery time given by the buyers.This section delivers materials by truck, micro, air etc to the customer within the meantime. Thus it plays a very important role in the success of the company. Production planning Marketing Lab dip Lab dip approval Sample production Sample approval and order for bulk production Knitting Sample production according to buyer recom mendation lot knitting production Batching Pre- treatment Dyeing Finishing wadding Ready for delivery (RFD) Garments section SEQUENCE OF OPERATION Knitting Grey inspection Batch preparation White Processing Pretreatment Cotton dyeing Polyester dyeing Hydro-extracting Dewatering Drying CompactingFinal Inspection inspection Finished store Delivery to Garment industry Lab Section Lay out for Lab Chemicals Dexter HT Dyeing m/c Lab table Wash fast UN-1 Mathis Labomat Digi Oven Ahiba Naunce Rapid dyeing m/c Ahiba Naunce Rapid dyeing m/c Ahiba sample dyeing-1Robolab-1 Robolab-2 Trumble dryer Washactor-2 Spectophotometer-1 Lab Office Washactor-1 Spectophotometer-2 Lab Quality Control machines apparatus Specification SL. none Specification SL. No. Specification 01. ROBOLABModel No. XPNManufacturer Sclavous International do in Greece survive 1. Making ocellus tooth root accurately. 2. Auto dispersing of given recipe. MACHINE TYPE Robolab XPNMANUFACTURED BY TALOS-66100DRAMA G R MANUFACTURE IN YEAR 2009SERIAL No. 0963TOTAL WEIGHT 800 KGPOWER 4 KWELECTRICAL FEATURES 220v 50HzPHASES 1 MAX. CURRENT 20 A 02. ROBOLABModel No. XPNManufacturer Sclavous InternationalMade in GreeceFunction 1. Making stock solution accurately. 2. Auto dispersing of given recipe. MACHINE TYPE Robolab XPNMANUFACTURED BY TALOS-66100DRAMA GR MANUFACTURE IN YEAR 2009SERIAL No. 0963TOTAL WEIGHT 800 KGPOWER 4 KWELECTRICAL FEATURES 220v 50HzPHASES 1 MAX. CURRENT 20 A 03. Ahiba IRSample Dyeing machineModel No. USTCManufacturer USAFunction 1. Sample dyeing for cotton substrate. No. f pots in the dye cleanse 20Brand datacolor SPECTRUM family of solutions 04. Ahiba NuanceSample Dyeing machineModel No. ECOManufacturer Datacolor Function 1. Sample dyeing for cotton substrate. No. of pots in the dye privying tub 20Brand datacolor SPECTRUM 05. Ahiba NuanceSample Dyeing machineModel No. ECOMade in USAManufacturer Datacolor Function 1. Sample dyeing for cotton substra te. No. of pots in the dye bath 20Brand datacolor SPECTRUM 06. MATHIS LabomatSample Dyeing machineModel No. AGCH-8156Manufacturer Warner MathisFunction 1.Sample dyeing for cotton substrate. No. of pots in the dye bath 24 07. Dexter High Temperature Dyeing machineModel No. 73Manufacturer Yuan Shen Enterprise Ltd. Made in TaiwanFunction 1. Sample dyeing in high temperatureTemperature maintained by Glycerine bath. No. of pots in the dye bath 24 DexterPH 3 ,VOLT 220 Hz , INPUT 9 KWMODEL No. 73 assignment 93 07YUAN SHEN ENTERPRISE CO. LTD. 08. Wash Fast UNIModel No. 60351Serl. No. 145338 Manufacturer cartridge clip EngineersMade in IndiaMethod used (ISO-105C06,C01 AATC-61/135)Function 1. For checking color swiftness after washing.No. of pots in the bath 08 09. DIGIOVENModel No. C1301Manufacturer Mag EngineersMade in IndiaMethod used (ISO-105E 01, E 04/AATCC-107/15-2002)Function 1. Sample drying for perspiration water fastness test. 10. PERSPIRPMETERMod el No. C2301Manufacturer Mag EngineersMade in IndiaMethod used (ISO-105 E 01,E 04/AATCC-107/15-2002)Function 1. For checking color fastness to perspiration. 11. RAPID DYEING MACHINEFunction 1. Sample dyeing . 2. Wash-off the dyed sample. 3. Different pretreatment for dyeing. Required time cant set in this machine . No. of pots in the dye bath 24 12. RAPID DYEING MACHINEFunction 1. Sample dyeing . 2. Wash-off the dyed sample. 3. Different pretreatment for dyeing. Can pre set the dyeing time. No. of pots in the dye bath 24 13. TUMBLE DRYERModel No. T4130Manufacturer ElectroluxMethod used (ISO-6330/AATCC-135)Made in SwedenType Front LoadingFunction 1. For drying fabrics/Garments after wash . 14. WASCATORModel No. F0M71CLSManufacturer ElectroluxMade in SwedenMethod used (ISO 6330-2000 ISO 3759-1999 ISO 5077-1984) (DIN EN 25077/26330-1994)Type Front loading , Rotating attire .Function 1. For checking appearance after wash . 2. For checking dimensional stability . 15. WASCATORModel No. F0M71CLSManufacturer ElectroluxMade in SwedenMethod used (ISO 6330-2000 ISO 3759-1999 ISO 5077-1984) (DIN EN 25077/26330-1994)Type Front loading , Rotating drum . Function 1. For checking appearance after wash . 2. For checking dimensional stability . 16. SPECTROPHOTOMETERModel No. SF600X(Spectraflash)Manufacturer ElectroluxMade in USASoftware Used 1. DCI match. 2. Color toolsFunction 1. Color matching . 2. quantity color difference . 3. Measuring the reflectance % of a dyed sample. 4. Measuring the strength of dyestuff. 17. SPECTROPHOTOMETERModel No. CM-3600dManufacturer MinoltaMade in IndiaSoftware Used 1. JaypakFunction 1. Color matching . 2. Measuring color difference . 3. Measuring the reflectance % of a dyed sample. 4. Measuring the strength of dyestuff. 18. precision OVENSample dryerModel No. DO-452Manufacturer JF Instrument Co. LtdMade in TaiwanFunction 1. Sample drying after washing drying . 19. CROCKMETERJames H. Heal Co. Ltd . Halifax , HX 36EP , England. 20. CROCKMETER Model No. 125302Manufacturer RoachesMade in EnglandMethod used (ISO105X12 / AATCC-8)Function 1. For checking color fastness to rubbing of yarn . 21. Wrap Reel Balance(Yarn count tester)Model No. Roaches International Ltd. Made in EnglandFunction 1. To determine Yarn count . 22. Yarn Appearance Tester(Auto winder RB)Model No. Y0831Manufacturer Mag EngineersMade in India Function 1. Checking eveness of yarn grading accordingly . 23. Unistretch M/CModel No. C0501Manufacturer Mag EngineersMade in India Method used 1. Button / kidnap pull test IHTM020/ASTM 4846. 2. Seam slippage UNI 9743/BS 33203.Lea strength ISO 6939/ASTM D 15784. Single yarn strength test ASTM D2256 24. Mag Sun FastModel No. C 0605Manufacturer Mag EngineersMade in India Method used ISO-105B02/AATCC-3Function 1. For checking color fastness to light . 25. Auto Burst 28(Bursting Strength Tester)Model No. C 0601Manufacturer Mag EngineersMade in India Method used ISO-13928-2/12945-1ASTM D 3787 , 3786Function 1. To government note bursting strength to fabric . 26. Auto pill(Pilling Tester)Model No. C 1401Manufacturer Mag EngineersMade in India Method used ISO-12945-1,2Function 1. To check pilling of fabric. 27. pH MeterModel No. 6173Function 1. To banknote pH value . 28. Friction TesterModel No. TextechnoManufacturer ReibwertwaageMade in GermanyFunction 1. To measure co-efficient of friction . 29. Grey photographic plate ISO 105-A03 1993 BSEN 20105-A03 1995 BS 1006-A03 1990 SDC Standard Methods 5th Edition A03 Grey Scale (Two scale) For Assessing staining . Assessing color change . 30. Matching BoothLIGHT BOX 9 (Supervision 2C)(Visual color matching chamber)Model No. G0201Manufacturer Mag EngineersMade in India Function 1. Checking color difference under different light source. Like D65 ,TL84 , UV , CWF etc. 31. Matching BoothLIGHT BOX (Century Faith)(Visual color matching chamber)Model No. 7008 0Function 1. Checking color difference under different light source. Like D65 ,TL84 , UV , CWF etc. 32. Q SUNXenon Test ChamberLight Fastness TesterModel No. B02 Recipe formulation Buyer can give fabric sample or colour code. So at first the colour is to identify if the buyer gives colour code or pantone number. It is easier to formulate recipe by spectrophotometer from colour code or pantone number because they are very specific. But if it is fabric sample accordingly with the help of spectrophotometer several numbers of recipes are to formulate.Process spring chart of lab Swatch from buyer Checking the quality parameter Recipe Formulation Record Matching Visually Recipe Correction Exact matching with swatch Two or to a greater extent than options of Lab-dip get by to buyer Approved Not Approved Go for production Matching Re-Lab-dip Chemicals used in lab For Cotton Scouring and Bleaching YARN ring fall Function Cottoclarin-KD 1. 25 g/l Soaping agent Stabilol-ZM 0. 4 g/l P eroxide killer Securon-C 0. 75 g/l Sequestering agent cutting 2 g/l Scouring agent H2O2 4. 0 g/l Bleaching agentacetic biting 1 g/l neutralisation reaction make up Amount Function Reduzin-ABC 2 g/l Wetting agent Jinsofter-BSK 0. 75-1. 5 g/l Anticreasing agent Jintexalate-SQ117 1 g/l Sequestering agent Contavan-GAL 0. 75 g/l Stabilizer Caustic 2. 5 g/l Scouring agent H2O2 4. 5 g/l Bleaching agent Fabric For Cotton dyeing squall Amount Function Ladiquest-1097 1 g/l Sequestering agent Jinsofter-BSK 1 g/l Anticreasing agent Jinlev CL-225 1. 5 g/l Levelling agent Formic Acid 0. 1 g/l Controlling pH Glauber salt For Fixation Soda For fixation contolling pH For Washing Name Amount FunctionJintexalate-QSE 1. 5 cc Soaping agent Cotoblance-NSR 1. 5 cc Soaping agent Acetic Acid Neutralization For Polyester Dyeing Name Amount Function Dyapol-AB 1 g/l Acid donar Setamol-WS 0. 75 g/l Dispersing agent Jinlev-RLF 0. 5 g/l Levelling agent Acetic acid 0. 6 g/l Controlling pH Deragal-SFD 1 g/l Buffering + Dispersing agent Domapol B. Conc. 2 g/l Buffering + Dispersing agent For reduction Clearing Name Amount Function Hydrose 2 g/l Reducing agent Caustic 2 g/l Reducing agent Salt-Soda Chart Amcazol spectre % Up to 0. 05 0. 05-0. 075 0. 075-0. 10 0. 1-0. 2 0. 2-0. 3 0. 3-0. 0. 4-0. 5 0. 5-0. 6 Salt(g/l) 2 3 5 7 9 12 16 20 Soda(g/l) 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 civilization % 0. 6-0. 7 0. 7-0. 8 0. 8-0. 9 0. 9-1. 0 1. 0-1. 20 1. 2-1. 4 1. 4-1. 6 1. 6-1. 8 Salt(g/l) 22 24 26 28 32 34 38 42 Soda(g/l) 11 12 12 13 13 14 15 16 Shade % 1. 8-2. 0 2. 0-3. 0 3. 0+ Salt(g/l) 46 50 60 Soda(g/l) 18 20 20 Bezctive Shade % 0. 1 0. 1-0. 5 0. 5-1. 0 1. 0-2. 0 2. 0-3. 0 3. 0-4. 0 4. 0-5. 0 Salt(g/l) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Soda(g/l) 5 10 15 20 20 25 25 Shade % 5-6 6 Salt(g/l) 80 90 Soda(g/l) 25 25 Remazol Shade % 0. 1 0. Up to 1. 0 Up to 2. 0% 2-3% 3-5% Salt(g/l) 20 30 40 50 60 80 Soda(g/l) 3 3 10 13 15 20 Imcozine Shade % 0. 5 0. 5-1. 0 1. 0-2. 0 2. 0-3. 0 3. 0 Salt(g/l) 30 45 60 70 90 Soda(g/l) 8 12 18 20 25 Cibacron Shade % 0. 01 0. 01-0. 05 0. 05-0. 1 0. 1-0. 5 0. 5-1. 0 1. 0-2. 0 2. 0-3. 0 Salt(g/l) 20 20 20 25 30 50 60 Soda(g/l) 6 6 6 8 10 12. 5 15 Shade % 3. 0-4. 0 4. 0+ Salt(g/l) 60 80 Soda(g/l) 17. 5 20 Kimsoline Shade % Up to 0. 05 0. 05-1. 0 1. 0-1. 5 1. 5-3. 0 3. 0-4. 0 4-6 6-8 Above 8 Salt(g/l) 20 30 40 50 55 60 80 100Soda(g/l) 10 13 15 18 20 20 20 20 Synozol Shade % Below 0. 1 0. 1-0. 5 0. 5-1. 0 1. 0-2. 0 2. 0-3. 0 3. 0+ Salt(g/l) 10 20 30 40 50 60 Soda(g/l) 8 10 13 16 18 20 Levafix CA Shade % 0. 1 0. 1-0. 5 0. 5-1. 0 1. 0-2. 0 2. 0-3. 0 3. 0-5. 0 5. 0 Salt(g/l) 15 20 35 50 60 80 80 Soda(g/l) 5 7 10 13 15 20 20 Drimarine CL Shade % 0. 5 0. 5-1. 0 1-1. 5 1. 5-2 2. 0-3 3 Salt(g/l) 20-50 60 65 70 80 80 Soda(g/l) 5 10 15 18 20 20 Drimarine EX-XN Shade % 1. 0 1. 0-3. 0 3. 0 above Salt(g/l) 20-40 40-60 60-80 Soda(g/l) 5. -10 10-15 15-20 Revatol S 1. 0-2. 0 1. 0-2. 0 1. 0-2. 0 Sumifix Shade % 0. 1 0. 1-0. 3 0. 3-0. 6 0. 6-1. 0 1. 0-1. 5 1. 5-3. 0 3. 0+ Salt(g/l) 3 7 10 15 20 40 50 Soda(g/l) 10 10 15 15 20 20 20 Dychufix Shade % 0. 05-0. 1 0. 1-0. 5 0. 5-1. 0 1. 0-2. 0 2. 0-3. 0 3. 0-4. 0 4 Salt(g/l) 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Soda(g/l) 10 15 20 20 20 20 20 Shade % 3. 0-4 4. 0+ Salt(g/l) 60 80 Soda(g/l) 17. 5 20 season of dyeing 100% cotton fabric in lab Select bleach fabric (5 gm) Recipe making Select dyes Dyeing warm wash Neutralization Soaping Cold washDrying Match with standard sample yes Bulk production Sequence of dyeing Polyester/Cotton fabric in lab Select bleach fabric ( 5 gm ) Carbonizing of cotton part Fabric weight measure with carbonized part Recipe making Select dyes Dyeing of polyester part Matching dyed PES part with standard yes Dyeing of cotton part Hot wash Neutralization Soaping Cold wash Drying Total sample match with standard sample yes Bulk production Calculation Usually following calculations are followed Recipe % ? Sample Weight ** Dye Solution = (cc). Stock solution % g/L ? Total Liquor ** Salt (cc) Stock solution ? jet g/L ?Total Liquor ** Soda Solution = (cc). Stock solution ? 1000 g/L ? Total Liquor ** Chemicals = (cc). Stock solution ? 1000 Problems for lab-dip -Shade variation ( major problem ) . -Soda or alkali spot come. -Metamerism problem . Problems overcome by -Dye adjust between std. and lab-dip. -Accurate dyes and chemical measure. -By shading (additional way). -By stripping. Samples engineer to buyer Now for every separate sample dyeing with separate recipe are send to buyer for approval. The buyer approves one sample and the recipe of that approved sample is now send to dyeing section. Batching Section Batch Section BatchingBatching preparation is the process where visually inspected grey fabrics are divided into different batches with reasonable quantity in order to make them suitable for the further operation. During batching the following factors are considered 1 1. Order priority 2 2. Yarn type 3 3. Yarn dyed/Color (Light-medium/Deep) 4 4. Fabric quantity 5 5. expertness of a vailable machines 6 Proper batching criteria To use maximum capacitance of existing dyeing m/c To ensure every dyeing m/c running in full production. To minimize the m/c washing time or preparation time. To keep the no of batch as less as possible for same shade, etc.Batch Preparation Process eon of Batch preparation receive batch card from Grey In-charge Make the priority as per dyeing plan Take one specific Batch card. Check the availability of fabric Take required quantity of body fabric from store Make required no. of Rope maintaining equal space Take collar/cuff as per size, keep the total weight. Distribute the collar /cuff or Rib in each rope equally unsure equal length Stitch the fabric Write down the weight against roll no. in the back side of the Batch Card Write the total weight in Batch Card Put signature date Fill the production report formSewingSewing means fasten. The necessity of sewing -To adjust the rolls by sewing which is adjusted with hand by knotting in t urning before sewing? -They fulfill the sewing row in process Route Card and fulfill the particular sewing chart then it goes for dyeing. Turning Normally turning is through for those fabrics which are not same in both face back to protect the face side of fabric from any dust, spot, other color, machine corrosion or any visual or physical disturbance. The machine by which counting of rolls face/back side of fabric is opened is called turner machine. Fabric Dyeing SectionLayout and crystallineation plan of fabric dyeing section Fabric Dyeing car Specification No. of Sample Dyeing railcar 10 No. of Bulk Dyeing railcar 17 List of Sample Dyeing mechanism Sl No Machine type Specification 01. Fongs-20 M/C NO. ALLFIT-25SER. NO. 24009628CERT. NO. HKG-930003/2YEAR construct 1999DESIGN CODE BS 55001997 CAT2DESIGN draw 400 KPaDESIGN TEMPERATURE 140CHYDRAULIC TEST obligate 650 KPaTEST period 1999SAFETY VALVE SET 400 KPaTESTED BY LLYODS COMPANY, Fongs Manufacturer Fongs them e Engineering (Shenzen) Co.Limited. Manufacturing Country Taiwan mental object 20 Kg 03. Fongs-30/2 M/C NO. ALLFIT-30SER. NO. 27013515CERT. NO. HKG-0230011/4YEAR BUILT 2002DESIGN CODE BS 55001997 CAT2DESIGN wring 400 KPaDESIGN TEMPERATURE 140CHYDRAULIC TEST PRESSURE 650 KPaTEST appointee 2002SAFETY VALVE SET 400 KPaTESTED BY LLYODS COMPANY , Fongs Manufacturer Fongs National Engineering (Shenzen) Co. Limited. Manufacturing Country Taiwan subject matter 30 Kg 04. Fongs-120 M/C NO. ALLFIT-120SER. NO. 25010850CERT. NO. HKG-030008/37YEAR BUILT 2000DESIGN CODE BS 55001997 CAT2DESIGN PRESSURE 400 KPaDESIGN TEMPERATURE 140CHYDRAULIC TEST PRESSURE 650 KPaTEST DATE 2000SAFETY VALVE SET 400 KPaTESTED BY LLYODS COMPANY , Fongs Fongs National Engineering (Shenzen) Co. Limited. Manufacturing Country TaiwanCapacity 120 Kg 06. HAF-30 CAPACITY30 KGSTOTAL POWER9 KW working(a) MEDIUM WATER 240Lit. DATE 2005. 4MFG. NO. 2005-HAF-30-1MODEL TGRU-HAF-1-30BODY maximal WORKING PRESS URE 4 KG/cm? TOTAL WORKING TEMP. 140CHEATER MAXIMUM WORKING PRESSURE S/T-5/4KG/cm?MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. S/T 158C/140CNDT carve up RT 20%Manufacturer TONG GENG ENTERPRISE CO. LTD Manufacturing Country chinaware 07. ATHENA-50/1 Brand Name Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of contrast GreeceSerial No. 03-1B-2931Year Built 2009Design decree ASME vii DivSpecial Features AQUACHORN equal Soft lessen SystemMaximum work contract (MPa) . 28Testing air pressure (MPa)0. 40Maximum working(a) Temperature (C) 142 visible No. 5. 621. 937Capacity 50 KgElectronic Information Machine potential drop (V) 3? 380 ACControl electric potential (V) 24 DCTotal Horse agent (HP) 9 KW 08. ATHENA-50/2 Brand Name Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin GreeceSerial No. 03-1B-2932Year Built 2009Design Code ASME vii Div-1Special Features AQUACHORN Twin Soft extend SystemMaximum work pressure (MPa) . 28Testing pressure (MPa)0. 40Maximum working Temperature (C) 142 tangible No. 5. 621. 937Ca pacity 50 KgElectronic Information Machine potency (V) 3? 380 ACControl Voltage (V) 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) 9 KW 09. KRSNA(10 kg)/1 COUNTRY OF antecedent AHMEDABAD , INDIATEL +91-79-22818537 TELE FAX +91-79-22823093/27680745EMAIL emailprotected com/infokrsnadyeingmachine. om Website http//www. krsnadyeingmachine. com Serial No. 12/38 Year10/09-10 Model ATM 10. KRSNA(10 kg)/2 COUNTRY OF ORIGIN AHMEDABAD , INDIATEL +91-79-22818537 TELE FAX +91-79-22823093/27680745EMAIL emailprotected com/infokrsnadyeingmachine. com Website http//www. krsnadyeingmachine. com Serial No. 13/38Year 10/09-10Model ATM Bulk production dyeing Machine Sr. No. Machine type Specification 01. ATH-1/1 Brand Name Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity 250 KgNo. of snout 1Serial No. 04-1A-2/11Design Code ASME eight-spot DIV. Maximum work pressure (bar) 2. 8Testing pressure (bar)4. 0Maximum working Temperature (C) 142 unmixed No. 5-621-937Year of construction 2005Spe cial Features AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information Machine Voltage (V) 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) 33Control Voltage (V) 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) 19KW 02. ATH-1/2 Brand Name Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity 250 KgNo. of snob 1Serial No. 04-1A-250Design Code ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (bar) 2. 8Testing pressure (bar)4. 0Maximum working Temperature (C) 142 Patent No. 5-621-937Year of construction 2004Special Features AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information Machine Voltage (V) 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) 42Control Voltage (V) 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) 24 03. ATH-1/3 Brand Name Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity 250 KgNo. of neb 1Serial No. 04-1A-2874Design Code ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (MPa) 0. 28Testing pressure (MPa) 0. 40Maximum working Temperature (C) 142 Patent No. 5-621-937Year of construction 2007Special Features AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow S ystemElectronic Information Machine Voltage (V) 3? 80 ACMax. Current (A) 42Control Voltage (V) 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) 24 04. ATH-1/4 Brand Name Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity 250 KgNo. of Nozzle 1Serial No. 04-1A-2868Design Code ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (MPa) 0. 28Testing pressure (MPa)0. 40Maximum working Temperature (C) 142 Patent No. 5-621-937Year of construction 2007Special Features AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information Machine Voltage (V) 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) 73 AControl Voltage (V) 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) 24 05. ATH-2/1 Brand Name Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity 500 KgNo. of Nozzle 2Serial No. 04-2A-2870Design Code ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (MPa) 2. 80Testing pressure (MPa)0. 40Maximum working Temperature (C) 142 Patent No. 5-621-937Year of construction 2007Special Features AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information Machine Voltage (V) 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) 59 Control Voltage (V) 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) 35 06. ATH-2/2 Brand Name Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity 500 KgNo. f Nozzle 2Serial No. 04-2A-2869Design Code ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (MPa) 0. 28Testing pressure (MPa)0. 40Maximum working Temperature (C) 142 Patent No. 5-621-937Year of construction 2007Special Features AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information Machine Voltage (V) 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) 59 Control Voltage (V) 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) 35 07. ATH-3/1 Brand Name Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity 750 KgNo. of Nozzle 3Serial No. 04-3A-2607Design Code ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (bar) 2. Testing pressure (bar)4. 0Maximum working Temperature (C) 142 Patent No. 5-621-937Year of construction 2004Special Features AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information Machine Voltage (V) 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) 68Control Voltage (V) 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) 48 08. ATH-3/2 Brand Name Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity 750 KgNo. of Nozzle 3Serial No. 04-3A-2880Design Code ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (MPa) 0. 28Testing pressure (bar)4. 0Maximum working Temperature (C) 142 Patent No. 5-621-937Year of construction 2007Special Features AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information Machine Voltage (V) 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) 73Control Voltage (V) 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) 47 09. ATH-6 Brand Name Athena2 by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity 1500 KgNo. of Nozzle 6Serial No. 04-6A-2907Design Code ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (MPa) 0. 28Testing pressure (bar)0. 40Maximum working Temperature (C) 142 Patent No. 5-621-937Year of construction 2009Special Features AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information Machine Voltage (V) 3? 80 ACMax. Current (A) 134Control Voltage (V) 24 DCTotal Hors e Power (HP) 88 10. AA-3/1 Brand Name Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity 750 KgNo. of Nozzle 3Serial No. 06-3A-2963Type DSL 750 FMaximum working Temperature (C) 98Pmax. 3. 55 KWVmax. 3? 440 volt 50/60 HzPatent No. 5-621-937Year of construction 2009Electronic Information Machine Voltage (V) 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) 75Control Voltage (V) 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) 48 11. AA-3/2 Brand Name Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity 750 KgNo. f Nozzle 3Serial No. 06-3A-2964Type DSL 750 FMaximum working Temperature (C) 98Pmax. 3. 55 KWVmax. 3? 440 volt 50/60 HzPatent No. 5-621-937Year of construction 2009Electronic Information Machine Voltage (V) 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) 75Control Voltage (V) 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) 48 12. S. HT-2 Brand Name Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity 360 KgNo. of Nozzle 2Serial No. 03-2A-2193Design Code ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (bar) 3. 5Testing pressure (bar)5. 3Maximum working Temperature (C) 140 Patent No. 5-621-937Year of construction 1993Special Features AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information Machine Voltage (V) 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) 44Control Voltage (V) 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) 25/185 13. S. HT-3/1 Brand Name Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity 540 KgNo. of Nozzle 3Serial No. 03-3A-22/1Design Code ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (bar) 3. 5Testing pressure (bar)5. 3Maximum working Temperature (C) 140 Patent No. 5-621-937Year of construction 1993Special Features AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information Machine Voltage (V) 3? 80 ACMax. Current (A) 50Control Voltage (V) 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) 36/26. 25 KW 14. S. HT-3/2 Brand Name Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity 540 KgNo. of Nozzle 3Serial No. 03-3A-22/2Design Code ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (bar) 3. 5Testing pressure (bar )5. 3Maximum working Temperature (C) 140 Patent No. 5-621-937Year of construction 1993Special Features AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information Machine Voltage (V) 3? 380 ACMax. Current (A) 50Control Voltage (V) 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) 36/26. 25 KW 15. S.HT-4/1 Brand Name Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity 720 KgNo. of Nozzle 4Serial No. 03-4A-2305Design Code ASME VIII DIV. 1Maximum work pressure (bar) 3. 5Testing pressure (bar)4. 0Maximum working Temperature (C) 140Patent No. 5-440-771Year of construction 2000Special Features AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemElectronic Information Machine Voltage (V) 3? 400 ACMax. Current (A) 64Control Voltage (V) 24 DCTotal Horse Power (HP) 39 16. S. HT-4/2720 Brand Name Athena by SCLAVOSCountry of Origin ATHENS-GREECEM/C Capacity 720 KgNo. of Nozzle 4Maximum work pressure (bar) 3. Testing pressure (bar)4. 0Maximum working Temperature (C) 140Special Features AQUACHORN Twin Soft Flow SystemTotal Horse Power (HP) 40 SPECIAL FEATURES OF SCLAVOS MACHINE Twin soft flow system The main pump liqour flow in sclavos is distributed into two nozzles achieving minimum pressure. The technical solution results in a perfact fabric transpose liqour penetration at a very low nozzle pressure. The patented plaiting system ensures good storage of the fabric with the uniqe liqour bypass system diverting the biggest amont of liqour out side the chamber. This avoids abrasion of fabric surface.Advantages * less(prenominal) compacting system * Extended fabric liqour exchange * Reorientation of the rope at every turn * Vertical plaiting Aquacron radical continuous wash system, diverting contaminated liquor at the exit of TSF outside the j box to a drain pipe. A continuous flow of either preheated (via Sclavos Heat Recovery) or cold water turns Sclavos into a virtually nonstop operation dyeing machine. Drainage of contaminated liquor via the liquor bypass avoids liquor droppin g on to the stored fabric. High liquor renewal speed caused by very low liquor level during washing. Advantages 1. Efficient washing effect. . Less water consumption. 3. Less temperature shocks when weft with cold water. 4. Precise calculation of water consumption. FULLY AUTOMATIC FUNCTION * Automatic salt soda dosing system. * Automatic chemical injection system. * Automatic heat exchanging process. Ciba new process Bleach+Enzyme Machine filling with water at shape Temperature Fabric loaded at normal temperature (36-400C) Chemicals Contipon S (10%solution), Jintex Stab, Antisil Conz Jinsofter BSK , Ablutex-AP-750 (42% Soln) Dozing at 60 0C Run for 4 min H2O2 (35% Soln) is added at 600C within 3-4 minute NaOH is added for 7 min at 700CRun time 20 min at1100C Cooling at 95-80 0C then aquachron is done for 12 min Absorbency test is done. Water is leveled Acetic Acid is added at 550C runtime 6 min Per oxide Killer (Raduzin-THN (50% Soln)) is added at 55C for 10 min, Per oxide is ch ecked (if H2O2 = O) PH is Checked (PH=4. 8) Enzyme ( Retrocell PLX-TRA) at 550C run for 45 min Aquachron is done at 550C for 5 min Hot wash at 80 C for 20 min Aquachron is done at 550C for 5 min Water is leveled Dyeing (ciba new process) Dyeing auxiliaries(Jinlev-CL225, Antisil conz) and acitic acid /RL)is added at 600C for 30 min PH is Checked (PH= 6-6. 5 ) Runtime 20 minDyes is dosing at 600C 20min added at run for 10 min. Glauber salt dosing at 600C for 30 min and run for 20 min Soda dosing at 600C for 20 min 1st part Soda dosing at 600C for 20 min2nd part After 5 min shade is checked If shade is not OK then its checked after every 5 min until matching If shade is OK Liquor is drained Water filling and aquacron is done for 25 min Soaping Acid wash is done at 600C and run for 6 min for neutralization PH is checked (acidic condition) Soaping agent (Jintexalate QSE) is added at 950C run for 12 min Aquachron is done at 70 C for 5 min Hot wash at 900C run for 9 minAquachron is done for 10 min Drain out Nova Ciba Fixing Fixing agent (WER)is added for 10 min at 400C and run for 10 min Acidic acid +Dosssing Bevsoft-CF +Jinsofter WCS is added for 10 min at 400C run for 20 min Unload Finishing Section Lay-out of the Finishing section DEWATERING SLITTING M/C Production Officers live FINISHED Goods STENTER MACHINE 02 STENTER MACHINE 03 STENTER MACHINE -01 OFFLINE QUALITY CONTROL ROOM COMPACTORM/C- 03 LAFER COMPACTOR M/C-01 DEWATERING-2 DEWATERING-1 DRYER MACHINE FINISHED Goods FINISHED Goods COMPACTOR M/C C- 02 CALANDER M/C RAISING M/C SLITTING M/CSUEDING M/C Online QC Officers Table Finishing After dyeing knit fabric is required to finish. During dyeing all knit fabric are dyed in tubular form. According to buyers requirement knit fabric are finished in open form or tubular form. Dyed Fabric from Dyeing Department Shade check Flow chart of finishing process Dewatering Open width Tubular form Dewatering Drying Slitting Calendering compactor Stentering/ thirsty Final Inspection Open compactor Packing Final Inspection Delivery Packing Delivery Machines of Finishing section M/C No. M/C Name M/C specification 01. Hydro-1Dewatering M/C -1 SANTEX AG CH-9555 TobelControl panel Inspected by Santex agType SANTASTRETCH 140Com. Nr. 3887Electr. diagr. Nr. 95-3887Electr. Voltage 3? 380V+N+E 230V 50 HzConnected Load 8KWYear of Construction 1995Made in Switzerland 02. Hydro-1Dewatering M/C -1 SANTEX AG CH-9555 TobelControl panel Inspected by Santex agType Santastretch PlusCom. Nr. 5872Electr. diagr. Nr. 03-5872Electr. Voltage 3? 400+PEN 230V 50 HzConnected Load 20 KWYear of Construction 2003 Made in Switzerland 03. Slitting bianco S. P. AMACCHINE TESSILIVial Industria, 4 -12051ALBA CN ITALIATel. 173/440402-(5 line r. a. )Fax0173/34872-0173/297000-Telex-212357 BIANCOMACHINE Linea TaglierinaSERIAL NO. 960112CONSTRUCTION YEAR 1996VELOCITAMAX(m/min. ) 04. Dewatering+Slitting bianco S. P. AMACCHINE TESSILIVial Industria, 4 -12051ALBA CN ITALIATel . 0173314111Fax 01734872 Email bianco-spa. comMACHINE Linea TaglierinaSERIAL NO. M04639-022215CONSTRUCTION YEAR 2006VELOCITAMAX(m/min. ) 900 05. Dryer LK LH CO. , LTD. TAIWAN TAIFEI 06. Calendering Compacting SANTEX AG CH-9555 TobelControl panel Inspected by Santex agType SANTASPREAD 140Com. Nr. 3889Electr. diagr. Nr. 95-3889Electr. Voltage 3? 380V+N+E 230V 50 HzConnected Load 8KWYear of Construction 1995 Made in Switzerland 07. Stentering m/c1 LK LH CO. , LTD. 08. Stentering m/c-2 ICOMATEXTERRASS(SPAIN)TIPO DE MAQUINA FL-3No. DE FABRICATION 481ANO DE FABRICATION 2005 09. Stentering m/c-3 ICOMATEXTERRASS(SPAIN) 10. Compacting m/c-1 FERRAROCONSTRUZIONI MECCANVia Busto Arsuzu,12021015 Lonate FozzoloITALYCOMPTEX7RA-2600 3957Year of Construction 1998 11. Compacting m/c-2 TUBETEXC 2500 compactor 12. Compacting m/c-3 LaferSPA MACCHINE TESSILISEDE LEGALE,UFFICI E STABILIMENTO Via Laga di Garda no. 8 Z. I 36015-SCHIO (VI) ITALYMACCHINA KSA 500ALTEZZA TAVOLA 2600MATRICOL A 10KS02767ANNO 2009 13. Sueding m/c LaferULTRASOFT-YTexen s. r. l. factory automationVia lago di vico , 4B 36015 schio (VI) Italytel +39. 0445. 694101 fax. 39. 0045. 694120www. laferspa. com/emailprotected comSERIAL NO. /DRAWING NO. N 10GSY2355PHASES NO. N 3VOLTAGE v 400FREQUENCY Hz 50NOMINAL CURRENT A 100INTERRUPTION CAPABILITY KA 25 14. Raising m/c Mario CostaM/C Type MC-20/24Serial No. 8969Power Supply 3? 400 V 50/60HzYear 2007 Month 11Max. Power 69 KWTensione asiliari 24/5 VDCAux.Power Supply 230/24 KWMade in Italy Factor Consideration shoplifting control -Shrinkage is controlled by proper over feeding. -To apply less or more over feed speed fabrics reduce along to length and increase along to width. Maximum 70 75% shrinkage is controlled by using it. GSM Control -GSM is also controlled by applying proper over feeding speed. -If over feed is more than GSM is also more. -If Over feed speed is less then GSM is also is less. -If Dia is more than GSM of the fa bric will less. -If Dia is less than the GSM of the fabric will more. N. B If GSM of the fabric is OK then shrinkage is also OK.Dia Control -Dia is controlled by dia peremptory meter scale. -If any fault, GSM of the fabric is reduced then to increase the GSM of the fabric dia will have to be reduced (2 3) inch. -If Over feed speed is more than Dia of the fabric will be more. -If Over feed speed is less then Dia of the fabric will be less. -If length is more than width of the fabric is reduced. -If length is less then width of the fabric is more. N. B Fabric speed is controlled on the fabric dia. Here, Dia less or More fully depends on yarn count and buyer order. Dia is done less or more by using expander rod.Finishing section is divided into two section, they are -Open line -Tube line Production parameters 1 1. Squeeze pressure 2 2. Fabric speed 3 3. Fabric tension 4 4. Temperature 5 5. Fabric diameter 6 6. Fabric GSM 7 7. Fabric shrinkage 8 8. Air pressure 9 9. Steam pressure 10 10. Softener Types of finishing 1) Chemical finishing * Chemical reaction of auxiliaries with fibers. * Application of the handle modifying products / additives. 2) Mechanical finishing * Mechanical treatment with machines. The machines that are used in open line that are given bellow 1. Slitting m/c 2. De-watering m/c 3. Stenter 5. CompactorThe machines that are used in tube line that are given bellow 1. De-watering m/c 2. Dryer 3. Calendering Stentering Other machines 2. Sueding m/c 3. Raising m/c Dewatering m/c 01 After finishing the dyeing process from the dyeing machine then the fabrics are ready for de-watering. This is the process to remove the water from the fabric completely by squeezing. This is the main function of the de-watering machine. But here also control the some important factor of the fabric quality Function 1. Reduce water content. 2. Apply chemicals specially to make the fabric soft. 3. Open the fabric from the rope form. . Shrinkage is controlled by overfeed mechanism Slitting m/c 01 M/c name bianco S. P. A Serial Nr. 960112 Construction year 1996 Highest Speed 100M/min cartroad speed 60-70 M/min Normal speed 40-50 M/min N. B. * Photocell detects Needle Mark according to the needle mark tube fabric is cut by the plate. * Fabric Diameter is set by Basket. * Fabric is spreaded by the basket. Purpose of the m/c * To open the fabric from tubular form to open width form * Fabric is cut according to the needle mark. Dryer m/c Drying Drying is defined as a process where the liquid portion is evaporated from the fabric.Curing Curing can be defined as a process following addition of a finish to textile fabrics in which materials are heated for a short time in elevated temperature to effect a chemical reaction Functions 1. To dry the fabric with the help of steam 2. To control the shrinkage 3. To prepare the fabric for next subsequent process 4. To dry fabric without tension Figure Dryer Main parts of the machine 1. heat energy chamber 2. Bl ower 3. Synthetic blanket as a conveyor 4. Folder 5. Exhaust fan Heating system * Gas fired Checking parameters * Shade Check * Width check * Weight check * Compaction check Fault check Operator checks * Knitting faults * Spinning faults * Dyeing faults * Other faults * leaping check Yarn Dyeing Section Yarn dyeing machines and their specification SL No. Machine Type ear No. Bobbin no. M/C Specification 01. Lab m/c (AL-6A) spike heel No. 016 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(1*6) =6 HEAT EXCHANGERSER NO. 2901587-1CER. NO. HKG. 043003/92DESIGN CODE PD55002003CAT2YEAR BUILT 2004CAPACITY 6 KG JACKET SHELLDESIGN PRESSURE 400 KPa 520 KPaDESIGN TEMP. 50C 140CHAYDRAULIC PR . 600 KPa 800 KPa TEST DATE 2004 2004SAFETY VALVE SET 400KPa 520kpaHEATING/COOLING MEDIUM WATERTESTED BY LLYOYDS REGISTERFONGS theme ENG. (SHENZEN) CO. LTD 02. Lab m/c (AL-6B) Spindle No. 016 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(1*6) =6 HEAT EXCHANGERSER NO. 2901587-1CER. NO. HKG. 043003/92DESIGN CODE PD55002003CAT2 YEAR BUILT 2004CAPACITY 6 KG JACKET SHELLDESIGN PRESSURE 400 KPa 520KPaDESIGN TEMP. 50C 140CHAYDRAULIC PR . 600 KPa 800 KPa TEST DATE 2004 2004SAFETY VALVE SET 400KPa 520kpaHEATING/COOLING MEDIUM WATERTESTED BY LLYOYDS REGISTERFONGS NATIONAL ENG. (SHENZEN) CO. LTD 03. CH-10/1 Spindle No. 033 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(3*3) =9 CAPACITY 10 KGTOTAL POWER 6 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER) 80 Lit. DATE 2006. 11MFG. NO. 2006-CH-10-3MODEL TGCH-10BODY OPER. PRESSURE 4 KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. 140CHEATER OPER. PRESSURE S/T4/10KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. S/T140C/183CNDT CLASS RT 20%TONG WU PRECISION MACHINERY CO.LTDTAIWAN 04. CH-10/2 Spindle No. 033 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(3*3) =9 CAPACITY10 KGTOTAL POWER 6 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER) 80 Lit. DATE 2006. 11MFG. NO. 2006-CH-10-3MODEL TGCH-10BODY OPER. PRESSURE 4 KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. 140CHEATER OPER. PRESSURE S/T4/10KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. S/T140C/183CNDT CLASS RT 20%TONG WU PRECISION MACHINERY CO. LTD TAIWAN 05 . CH-15/1 Spindle No. 044 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(4*4) =16 CAPACITY15 KGM/C NO. CAS-50L-4SER. NO. 24009627CERT. NO. YKG 930003/4YEAR BUILT 1999DESIGN CODE BS55001997CAT2DESIGN PRESSURE 660 KPaDESIGN TEMPERATURE 140CHYDRAULIC TEST PRESSURE 1020 KPaTEST DATE 1999SAFETY VALVE SET 660 KPaTESTED BY LLYOYDS REGISTER Fongs 06. CH-15/2 Spindle No. 035 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(5*3) =15 CAPACITY15 KGSTOTAL POWER7 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER)120Lit. DATE 2005. 4MFG. NO. 2005-CH-15-2MODEL TGCH-15BODY OPER. PRESSURE 4 KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. 140CHEATER OPER. PRESSURE S/T4/10KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. S/T140C/183CNDT CLASS RT 20%TONG WU PRECISION MACHINERY CO.LTD TAIWAN 08. CH-30/1 Spindle No. 057 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(5*7) =35 CAPACITY30 KGSTOTAL POWER9 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER)240Lit. DATE 1995-4MFG. NO. 951-CH-30-1MODEL TGCH-30BODY OPER. PRESSURE 4 KG/cm? HEATER OPER. PRESSURE 5 KG/cm? TEST PRESSURE 8KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. 140C TONG WU PRECISION MAC HINERY CO. LTD TAIWAN 09. CH-30/2 Spindle No. 057 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(5*7) =35 CAPACITY 30 KGSTOTAL POWER 9 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER)240Lit.DATE 1995-4MFG. NO. 951-CH-30-1MODEL TGCH-30BODY OPER. PRESSURE 4 KG/cm? HEATER OPER. PRESSURE 5KG/cm? TEST PRESSURE 8KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. 140C TONG WU PRECISION MACHINERY CO. LTD TAIWAN 10. CH-50/1 Spindle No. 087 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(8*7) =56 CAPACITY 50 KGSTOTAL POWER 12 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER)400Lit. DATE 1995-4MFG. NO. 951-CH-50-2MODEL TGCH-50BODY OPER. PRESSURE 4 KG/cm? HEATER OPER. PRESSURE 5 KG/cm? TEST PRESSURE 8KG/cm?MAXIMUM WORKINGTEMP. 140C TONG WU PRECISION MACHINERY CO. LTD TAIWAN 11. CH-50/2 Spindle No. 087 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(8*7) =56 CAPACITY 50 KGSTOTAL POWER 12 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER)400Lit. DATE 1995-4MFG. NO. 951-CH-50-2MODEL TGCH-50BODY OPER. PRESSURE 4KG/cm? HEATER OPER. PRESSURE 5 KG/cm? TEST PRESSURE 8 KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. 140C TONG WU PRECISION MACHINERY CO. LTD TAIWAN 12. CH-100/1 Spindle No. 167 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(16*7) =112 CAPACITY 100 KGSTOTAL POWER 21 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER)800Lit. DATE 1995-6MFG. NO. 951-CH-100MODEL TGCH-100BODY OPER. PRESSURE 4 KG/cm? HEATER OPER. PRESSURE 5 KG/cm? TEST PRESSURE 8 KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. 140C TONG WU PRECISION MACHINERY CO. LTD TAIWAN 13. CH-100/2 Spindle No. 167 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(16*7) =112 CAPACITY100 KGSTOTAL POWER21 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER)800Lit. DATE 1995-6MFG. NO. 951-CH-100MODEL TGCH-100BODY OPER.PRESSURE 4 KG/cm? HEATER OPER. PRESSURE 5 KG/cm? TEST PRESSURE 8 KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. 140C TONG WU PRECISION MACHINERY CO. LTD TAIWAN 14. CH-200/1 Spindle No. 327 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(32*7) =224 CAPACITY 200 KGSTOTAL POWER 32 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER)2000Lit. DATE 1993. 3MFG. NO. 921-CH-200-10MODEL TGCH-200KGBODY OPER. PRESSURE 4 KG/cm? HEATER OPER. PRESSURE 5 KG/cm? TEST PRESSURE 8 KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. 140C TONG WU PRECISION MACHINERY CO.LTD TAIWAN 15. CH-200/2 Spindle No. 327 Bobbin / SpindleTotal Bobbin=(32*7) =224 CAPACITY 200 KGSTOTAL POWER 32 KWWORKING MEDIUM (WATER)2000Lit. DATE 1993. 3MFG. NO. 921-CH-200-10MODEL TGCH-200KGBODY OPER. PRESSURE 4 KG/cm? HEATER OPER. PRESSURE 5 KG/cm? TEST PRESSURE 8 KG/cm? MAXIMUM WORKING TEMP. 140C TONG WU PRECIS

Martin Luther King Jr. and Henry Thoreau Debate Essay

Fight For What is by rights A cold, snowy winter night in Birmingham, atomic number 13 one of those nights where you would rather stay inside and sit by a fire while sipping on a cup of hot chocolate. Not everyone is doing that though, for numerous people flip in the cold all bund guide up. Some of the more unfortunate ones stay stranded outside in the freezing weather with non nearly enough layers to keep them warm. In Birmingham, a lot of these people consist of African Americans who cannot afford somewhere to keep warm or argon fair simply denied a place to stay based on their skin color.In this day and age, segregation equals between whites and blacks. A huge render nationwide, exactly when it comes to Birmingham everything is taken to a new level. To ensure the separation of whites and blacks, you can see plenty of racial signs and other such tactics used by the city. Although between business leader and Thoreau, none of these resemble an issue they both could stay warm under their nice winter Jackets, both had a place to go back home to and more importantly, one was a white man and the other a black man. atomic number 1 David Thoreau and Martin Luther King Jr. both make themselves very well known and idolized by many.They knew each other through a mutual friend but came into contact when they ran into one other here in Birmingham. The segregation in Birmingham continues to get out of control with constant bombings and killings of African American citizens, causing certain groups to want to take body process towards reform in Birmingham. The group known as the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights called upon King to help lead them in non-violent reform, while Thoreau do his trip here to witness the reforms. Thoreaus time of non-violent reform came about years before King even began to participate.King actually learned Just about everything from Thoreaus writing, but Thoreau has no sense of that at this very moment. What King learned fro m Thoreau, he put to use more than Thoreau ever did. Right now the two men share the same non-violent beliefs and want to spread the word in their own separate ways. As the two men walk down the street they engage in friendly small talk. But then they come across a black couple denied entry into a restaurant. Both men look at ach other in disgust. They have seen it happen hundreds of times, but each time they see it, they have the same fouled reaction.After what they Just witnessed, the two men started to state their opinions to each other on why they see this type of policy as a disgrace. Henry Thoreau spoke first with a scornful tone in his voice on how he cannot respect his government for allowing instances like these to occur. He continues speaking, l cannot for an endorsement recognize that political organization as my government which is the slaves government also (180). In response, King expresses to Thoreau, that you cannot put the entire blame on the government even thoug h they could change the laws involving segregation.But would that change how the white majority feels, especially in southern states. Those people grew up witn certain opinions ot Atrican Americans. King goes on with another strong statement, saying Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly (214). With this statement, King tries to tell Thoreau that if they cannot change how people think, then segregation willing not change either. After uttering such words, King goes quiet, neither one of them saying anything to each other. Both continue walking with their eyes facing forward, stressful to fgure out what they are going to say next.After a few minutes of walking in the freezing cold with a light tiff of snow, the silence is broken. King ends this when he asks Thoreau how he plans on making a difference for racism and segregation. Thoreau does not respond right away, giving King the fortune to answer his own question Henry, we carry to make a difference here in Birmi ngham. If we do something here then it ay affect the whole nation. And we need to do it in a non-violent manner. He continues, In any non-violent campaign there are four basic steps collection of facts to determine whether injustices exist negotiation self-purification and direct action (215). King believes that these steps will lead them to a successful reform against segregation. Thoreau agrees with King that they should reform in a non-violent way, but questions who will Join him. He immediately states,They continue enjoying each others company, but ever since their heated discussions the two have not utter one word or even batted an eye towards the other. They arrive at the footsteps of Martin Luther King Jr. s apartment where he says one final signalise to end the night, Henry, we have a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws (218). We are nere tor a reason and that reason involves making a ditterence. So tomorrow lets get everyone in town together and move forward with this reform. Thoreau ooks at King with a blank face and continues his way.With his incomparable leading ability, King leads a reform the next day in Birmingham. The reform in Birmingham took place in 1963, and was led by Martin Luther King Jr.. This action brought aid to the integration efforts in the city, and during these nonviolent riots the citys police brought out dogs which attacked the civilians. They would also spray the people with high powered water hoses. But the reform actions demonstrated led to the government changing the city of Birminghams discrimination laws.